Peroxone mineralization of chemical oxygen demand for direct potable water reuse: Kinetics and process control

Wu, Tingting; Englehardt, James D.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2015.01.030

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In the ozonation process, it is frequently observed that the ozone consumption rate will remarkably decrease with a rapid increase of the ORP and the reduction of pollutant removal efficiency, while the pollutant concentration goes below a certain value [48,49]. So, the ORP is a useful indicator in the control of O 3 addition, to minimize the process cost [48,50,51]. For the mineral flotation, the ORP is found to determine the oxidation of collectors and speciation of metal ions [41,44].…”

Section: Evolution Of Solution Ph Orp and Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Thiol Collectors Using Ozone at a Low Dosage: Kinetics, Mineralization, Ozone Utilization, and Changes of Biodegradability and Water Quality Parameters

Lin

et al. 2018

Minerals

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Ozonation at a high O3 dosage can achieve high efficiencies in removing flotation reagents but it has a low ozone-utilization rate. The ozonation of potentially toxic thiol collectors (potassium ethyl xanthate (EX), sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate (SN-9), O-isopropyl-N-ethyl thionocarbamate (Z-200) and dianilino dithiophoshoric acid (DDA)) was investigated in an ozone-bubbled reactor at a low O3 dosage of 1.125 mg/(min·L). The degradation kinetics, mineralization, ozone utilization, changes of biodegradability, and water quality parameters were studied, and the degradation behaviors of four collectors were compared. Thiol collectors could be effectively degraded with a removal ratio of >90% and a mineralization ratio of 10‒27%, at a low O3 dosage. The ozonation of thiol collectors followed the pseudo first-order kinetics, and rate constants had the order of kSN-9 > kEX > kZ-200 > kDDA. The Z-200 and DDA were the refractory flotation reagents treated in the ozonation process. After ozonation, the biodegradability of EX, SN-9, and DDA solutions was remarkably raised, but the biodegradability of Z-200 only increased from 0.088 to 0.15, indicating that the Z-200 and its intermediates were biologically persistent organics. After ozonation, the solution pH decreased from 10.0 to 8.0‒9.0, and both the conductivity and oxidation-reduction potential increased. The ozone utilization ratio in decomposing thiol collectors was above 98.41%, revealing almost complete usage of input O3. The results revealed that thiol collectors could be effectively degraded by O3, even at a low dosage, but their degradation behaviors were quite different, due to intrinsic molecular properties.

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Section: Evolution Of Solution Ph Orp and Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Thiol Collectors Using Ozone at a Low Dosage: Kinetics, Mineralization, Ozone Utilization, and Changes of Biodegradability and Water Quality Parameters

Lin

et al. 2018

Minerals

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“…Therefore, direct reuse of this water presents the prospect of energy-positive water management, a term used to indicate a system that saves more energy (distinct from CO 2 emissions) than it uses. In addition, environmental releases of toxic chemicals and pesticides are eliminated as inputs to the municipal drinking water/wastewater cycle, and remaining organics can be mineralized to provide high quality water and minimize environmental emissions (Wu and Englehardt 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralizing urban net-zero water treatment: Field experience for energy-positive water management

Englehardt

2016

Water Research

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An urban net-zero water treatment system, designed for energy-positive water management, 100% recycle of comingled black/grey water to drinking water standards, and mineralization of hormones and other organics, without production of concentrate, was constructed and operated for two years, serving an occupied four-bedroom, four-bath university residence hall apartment. The system comprised septic tank, denitrifying membrane bioreactor (MBR), iron-mediated aeration (IMA) reactor, vacuum ultrafilter, and peroxone or UV/HO advanced oxidation, with 14% rainwater make-up and concomitant discharge of 14% of treated water (ultimately for reuse in irrigation). Chemical oxygen demand was reduced to 12.9 ± 3.7 mg/L by MBR and further decreased to below the detection limit (<0.7 mg/L) by IMA and advanced oxidation treatment. The process produced a mineral water meeting 115 of 115 Florida drinking water standards that, after 10 months of recycle operation with ∼14% rainwater make-up, had a total dissolved solids of ∼500 mg/L, pH 7.8 ± 0.4, turbidity 0.12 ± 0.06 NTU, and NO-N concentration 3.0 ± 1.0 mg/L. None of 97 hormones, personal care products, and pharmaceuticals analyzed were detected in the product water. For a typical single-home system with full occupancy, sludge pumping is projected on a 12-24 month cycle. Operational aspects, including disinfection requirements, pH evolution through the process, mineral control, advanced oxidation by-products, and applicability of point-of-use filters, are discussed. A distributed, peroxone-based NZW management system is projected to save more energy than is consumed in treatment, due largely to retention of wastewater thermal energy. Recommendations regarding design and operation are offered.

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“…However, in order to predict H 2 O 2 concentration versus time it was necessary to use the model of Equations 1 -3, and the fitted value of ε COD for secondary effluent organics. The mean second order rate constant for OH• oxidation of secondary effluent organics, 6.37x10 7 ± 4.19x10 7 M -1 s -1 , obtained by fitting the model to the three kinetic runs (by minimizing S kOH , the standard error of regression) and averaging, is on the same order as the value k OH = 1.24x10 7 ± 0.64x10 7 M -1 s -1 reported PAPER IN PREPARATION -PLEASE DO NOT CITE, QUOTE, OR REDISTRIBUTE previously (Wu and Englehardt, 2015). Results suggest that mg/L hydrogen peroxide may have been an overdose in this application such that H O 2 is scavenging OH•.…”

Section: Minerals and Bromide Removal In The Ecmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…As a result, recycle rate may be limited by process recovery rates and the need to blend treated water with another source water to reduce corrosivity. Also, chemical additives may be needed to control membrane fouling (Wu and Englehardt, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralizing urban net-zero water treatment: Phase II field results and design recommendations

et al. 2016

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Net-zero water (NZW) systems, or water management systems achieving high recycling rates and low residuals generation so as to avoid water import and export, can also conserve energy used to heat and convey water, while economically restoring local eco-hydrology. However, design and operating experience are extremely limited. The objective of this paper is to present the results of the second phase of operation of an advanced oxidation-based NZW pilot system designed, constructed, and operated for a period of two years, serving an occupied four-person apartment. System water was monitored, either continuously or thrice daily, for routine water quality parameters, minerals, and MicroTox in-vitro toxicity, and intermittently for somatic and male-specific coliphage, adenovirus, Cryptosporidium, Giardia, emerging organic constituents (non-quantitative), and the Florida drinking water standards. All 115 drinking water standards with the exception of bromate were met in this phase. Neither virus nor protozoa were detected in the treated water, with the exception of measurement of adenovirus genome copies attributed to accumulation of inactive genetic material in hydraulic dead zones. Chemical oxygen demand was mineralized to <0.7 mg/L, and all but six of 1006 emerging organic constituents analyzed were either undetected or removed >90% in treatment. Total dissolved solids were maintained at ∼500 mg/L at steady state, partially through aerated aluminum electrocoagulation. Bromate accumulation is projected to be controlled by aluminum electrocoagulation with separate disposal of backwash water. Further development of such systems and their automated/remote process control systems is recommended.

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Peroxone mineralization of chemical oxygen demand for direct potable water reuse: Kinetics and process control

Cited by 30 publications

References 39 publications

Degradation of Thiol Collectors Using Ozone at a Low Dosage: Kinetics, Mineralization, Ozone Utilization, and Changes of Biodegradability and Water Quality Parameters

Degradation of Thiol Collectors Using Ozone at a Low Dosage: Kinetics, Mineralization, Ozone Utilization, and Changes of Biodegradability and Water Quality Parameters

Mineralizing urban net-zero water treatment: Field experience for energy-positive water management

Mineralizing urban net-zero water treatment: Phase II field results and design recommendations

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