Persian Language Dominance and the Loss of Minority Languages in Iran

Ghanbari, Hossein; Rahimian, Mahdi

doi:10.4236/jss.2020.811002

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It’s important to bear it in mind that Farsi is the primary language spoken across Iran, and it is taught in schools from the early grades, making the questionnaire easy-to-understand for all Iranian citizens. Accordingly, the findings from this questionnaire could be considered applicable throughout various regions of Iran [ 50 ]. To ensure that the translated version of the document was consistent with the original, the focused was put on four key areas of equivalence: semantic, idiomatic, experiential, and conceptual [ 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity and reliability of Persian version of Low Physical Activity Questionnaire (LoPAQ)

Tabibi,

Samouei,

Salimian

et al. 2024

BMC Nephrol

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Background The Low Physical Activity Questionnaire (LoPAQ) was specifically developed to measure the low activity level observed in extremely inactive hemodialysis (HD) patients. This study aims to evaluate reliability and validity of Persian version of the LoPAQ. Methods This study was a cross sectional study, conducted in three HD centers in Iran. The LoPAQ was translated into Persian. After cultural adaptions, it was filled out by 120 HD patiens. Convergent validity, was evaluated by calculating the correlations among the Persian version of the LoPAQ and Persian version of the Community Healthy Adults Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire, physical function scale of the SF-36 and physical function (Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) test) using Spearman’s correlation coefficients. The test-retest reliability was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results In total, 109 patients completed all of the questionnaires, took part in physical performance tests and had valid data. Their mean age was 64 ± 11 years, with a dialysis history of 31 ± 10 months. For total calories, there was a strong correlation between the Persian version of the LoPAQ and CHAMPS-measured physical activity (rho = 0.85, p < 0.001). In addition, the higher physical activity level reported by Persian version of the LoPAQ was also correlated with better self-reported physical function (rho = 0.7, p < 0.001) and better physical performance (rho = 0.67, p < 0.001). The ICC ranged from 0.65 to 0.78, indicating strong reliability. Conclusion The assessment of the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the questionnaire confirmed its suitability for evaluating the level of physical activity. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05930964, Registered on 05/07/2023. Registered trial name: Validity and Reliability of Persian Version of Low Physical Activity Questionnaire (LoPAQ).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity and reliability of Persian version of Low Physical Activity Questionnaire (LoPAQ)

Tabibi,

Samouei,

Salimian

et al. 2024

BMC Nephrol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It's important to bear it in mind that Farsi is the primary language spoken across Iran, and it is taught in schools from the early grades, making the questionnaire easy-to-understand for all Iranian citizens. Accordingly, the ndings from this questionnaire could be considered applicable throughout various regions of Iran (50). To ensure that the translated version of the document was consistent with the original, the focused was put on four key areas of equivalence: semantic, idiomatic, experiential, and conceptual (51).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity and Reliability of Persian Version of Low Physical Activity Questionnaire (LoPAQ)

Tabibi,

Samouei,

Salimian

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background The Low Physical Activity Questionnaire (LoPAQ) was specifically developed to measure the low activity level observed in extremely inactive hemodialysis (HD) patients. This study aims to evaluate reliability and validity of Persian version of the LoPAQ. Methods This study was a cross sectional study, conducted in three HD centers in Iran. The LoPAQ was translated into Persian. After cultural adaptions, it was filled out by 120 HD patiens. Convergent validity, was evaluated by calculating the correlations among the Persian version of the LoPAQ and Persian version of the Community Healthy Adults Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire, physical function scale of the SF-36 and physical function (Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) test) using Spearman's correlation coefficients. The test-retest reliability was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results In total, 109 patients completed all of the questionnaires, took part in physical performance tests and had valid data. Their mean age was 64 ± 11 years, with a dialysis history of 31 ± 10 months. For total calories, there was a strong correlation between the Persian version of the LoPAQ and CHAMPS-measured physical activity (rho = 0.85, p < 0.001). In addition, the higher physical activity level reported by Persian version of the LoPAQ was also correlated with better self-reported physical function (rho = 0.7, p < 0.001) and better physical performance (rho = 0.67, p < 0.001). The ICC ranged from 0.65 to 0.78, indicating strong reliability. Conclusion The assessment of the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the questionnaire confirmed its suitability for evaluating the level of physical activity. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05930964, Registered on 05/07/2023. Registered trial name: Validity and Reliability of Persian Version of Low Physical Activity Questionnaire (LoPAQ)

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“…In India, 197 languages are endangered among more than 600 languages spoken in the country (Dash, 2020). Similarly, there is a loss of minority languages in Iran due to the dominance of Persian (Ghanbari & Rahimian, 2020). Likewise, the loss of Native American languages in the USA is equally alarming (McCarty, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Linguicism to Language Attrition: The Changing Language Ecology of Gilgit-Baltistan

Hussain,

Gill

2023

IJLC

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The study examines potential threats and prospects for the linguistic ecosystem of Balti and other local languages spoken in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. The researchers employ a mixed-methods approach in the study and the data is collected from 305 respondents through a survey questionnaire developed on Google forms. The respondents are either native Balti speakers or use Balti as their second or link language. The questionnaire used in the study contains both close-ended and open-ended questions. The findings of the study show that the linguistic ecosystem of Balti and other local languages is highly endangered and has been severely contaminated. These languages are losing their domains of use at an increased pace mainly due to the arrival of digital media in the region. Language attrition, mediated by relexification, is at its peak, and the future prospects for Balti and other minority languages of Gilgit-Baltistan seem quite bleak due to the growing influence of linguistic imperialism in the region which is being facilitated mainly through the system of education and the digital media.

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Persian Language Dominance and the Loss of Minority Languages in Iran

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Validity and reliability of Persian version of Low Physical Activity Questionnaire (LoPAQ)

Validity and reliability of Persian version of Low Physical Activity Questionnaire (LoPAQ)

Validity and Reliability of Persian Version of Low Physical Activity Questionnaire (LoPAQ)

From Linguicism to Language Attrition: The Changing Language Ecology of Gilgit-Baltistan

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