Persistant Organic Pollutants in Soil and Its Phytoremediation

Abstract

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) of soil mainly exhibit toxic characteristics that posses hazard to whole mankind. These toxic pollutants includes several group of compound viz., polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides, herbicides and organic fuels, especially gasoline and diesel. They can also be complex mixture of organic chemicals, heavy metals and microbes from septic systems, animal wastes and other sources of organic inputs. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology which can be used for remediation of soil from organic pollutants. In this chapter an attempt has been made to discuss about the sources of organic pollutants, factors that influenced the uptake of organic pollutants by plants, the different mechanism responsible for organic pollutants, phytoremediation of organic pollutants and their advantages and limitation.

Altered activities of extracellular soil enzymes by the interacting global environmental changes

“…Their effects vary depending on their shape, which affects the way they physically interact with the soil particles (Lehmann et al, 2020), and on their chemical composition (Pathan et al, 2020). The effects of microplastics can also be indirect, for are persistent organic pollutants (Begum et al, 2021), pharmaceutical and cosmetic products (Yu et al, 2020), heavy metals (Yeboah et al, 2021), pesticides, and herbicides (Riah et al, 2014), which reduce their production, activity, and diversity.…”

“…Some studies show negative impacts of nanoplastics on functional diversity of soil microbes and enzymes (e.g., Awet et al, 2018; Yu et al, 2020) but having this issue recently arisen, further investigation is needed. Other contaminants connected to global change impacting soil enzymes are persistent organic pollutants (Begum et al, 2021), pharmaceutical and cosmetic products (Yu et al, 2020), heavy metals (Yeboah et al, 2021), pesticides, and herbicides (Riah et al, 2014), which reduce their production, activity, and diversity.…”

Review of green technologies for the removal of microplastics from diverse environmental sources

“…Phytoremediation is of different types: phytoaccumulation, phytostabilization and phytofiltration (Exhibit 6). Phytoremediation is suitable in the shallow soils wherein vegetation less than 10 ft. is more effective with rhizosphere leading to best results whose efficiency is evaluated by knowing the hydrophobicity of pollutants which upon strong selection of organic material is very tough in detaching them from the components when extreme hydrophilic pollutants move through plant tissues without increment and stays in the solution (Begum et al., 2021).…”

“…Phytoremediation. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] phytoaccumulation, phytostabilization and phytofiltration (Exhibit 6).Phytoremediation is suitable in the shallow soils wherein vegetation less than 10 ft. is more effective with rhizosphere leading to best results whose efficiency is evaluated by knowing the hydrophobicity of pollutants which upon strong selection of organic material is very tough in detaching them from the components when extreme hydrophilic pollutants move through plant tissues without increment and stays in the solution(Begum et al, 2021).Phytoaccumulation is a phenomenon which is widely spread in public where plants ingest MPs and relocate to the soil tissues and phytostabilization is primarily used in specific plants for entrapping MPs and occurs through precipitation. With this mechanism, MP is engulfed by roots and prevents the movement of MP into the water thereby diminishing the biological existence of MP, regulating the spread of MP via food chain.…”