Persistence (2)

Cathcart, E. P.; Dawson, Shepherd

doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1929.tb00521.x

Cited by 5 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Contrast has been found for tempo of behavior (Cathcart andDawson, 1927-1928) and lifting of weights (Guilford and Park, 1931;Sherif, Taub, and Hovland, 1958). For hearing, contrast effects for pitch (Cathcart andDawson, 1928-1929;Christ-man, 1954) and spatial location of sounds (Flügel, 1920(Flügel, -1921 have been demonstrated. Not surprisingly, contrastive processes have been introduced as putative explanations for a variety of perceptual effects found with speech sounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…For vision, contrast has been demonstrated for perception of lightness (Koffka, 1935;Wallach, 1948), line orientation (Gibson, 1933(Gibson, , 1937Gibson and Radner, 1937), size, position, and curvature (Kohler and Wallach, 1944), spatial frequency (Blakemore and Sutton, 1969), depth (Ames, 1935;Bergman and Gibson, 1959;Kohler and Emery, 1947), and color (Cathcart andDawson, 1928-1929). Contrast has been found for tempo of behavior (Cathcart andDawson, 1927-1928) and lifting of weights (Guilford and Park, 1931;Sherif, Taub, and Hovland, 1958). For hearing, contrast effects for pitch (Cathcart andDawson, 1928-1929;Christ-man, 1954) and spatial location of sounds (Flügel, 1920(Flügel, -1921 have been demonstrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of contrast between onsets of speech and other complex spectra

Coady

Kluender

Rhode

2003

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Previous studies using speech and nonspeech analogs have shown that auditory mechanisms which serve to enhance spectral contrast contribute to perception of coarticulated speech for which spectral properties assimilate over time. In order to better understand the nature of contrastive auditory processes, a series of CV syllables varying acoustically in F2 -onset frequency and perceptually from /ba/ to /da/ was identified following a variety of spectra including three-peak renditions of [e] and [o], one-peak simulations of only F2, and spectral complements of these spectra for which peaks are replaced with troughs. Results for three-versus one-peak (or trough) precursor spectra were practically indistinguishable, suggesting that effects were spectrally local and not dependent upon perception of precursors as speech. Effects of complementary (trough) spectra had complementary effects on perception of following stops; however, effects for spectral complements were particularly dependent upon the interval between precursor and CV onsets. Results from these studies cannot be explained by simple masking or adaptation of suppression. Instead, they provide evidence for the existence of processes that selectively enhance contrast between onset spectra of neighboring sounds, and these processes are relevant for perception of connected speech.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of contrast between onsets of speech and other complex spectra

Coady

Kluender

Rhode

2003

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Contrast effects are ubiquitous, and of course, they exist for audition (Cathcart andDawson, 1928-1929;Christman, 1954). Forms of auditory contrast are important for several aspects of speech perception.…”

Section: Spectral Contrast and Perceptual Accommodation Of Coarticulamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity to change in perception of speech

Kluender

Coady

Kiefte

2003

Speech Communication

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Perceptual systems in all modalities are predominantly sensitive to stimulus change, and many examples of perceptual systems responding to change can be portrayed as instances of enhancing contrast. Multiple findings from perception experiments serve as evidence for spectral contrast explaining fundamental aspects of perception of coarticulated speech, and these findings are consistent with a broad array of known psychoacoustic and neurophysiological phenomena. Beyond coarticulation, important characteristics of speech perception that extend across broader spectral and temporal ranges may best be accounted for by the constant calibration of perceptual systems to maximize sensitivity to change. Sensorineural systems respond to changeIt is both true and fortunate that sensorineural systems respond to change and to little else. Perceptual systems do not record absolute level be it loudness, pitch, brightness, or color. This fact has been demonstrated in every sensory domain. Physiologically, sensory encoding is always relative. This sacrifice of absolute encoding has enormous benefits along the way to maximizing information transmission. Biological sensors have impressive dynamic range given their evolution via borrowed parts (e.g., gill arches becoming middle ear bones). However, biological dynamic range always is a small fraction of the physical range of absolute levels available in the environment as well as in the perceptual range essential to organisms' survival. This is true whether one is considering optical luminance or acoustic pressure. The beauty of sensory systems is that, by responding to relative change, a limited dynamic range adjusts to maximize the amount of change that can be detected in the environment.The simplest way that sensory systems adjust dynamic range to maximize sensitivity to change is via adaptation. Following nothing, a sensory stimulus triggers a strong sensation. However, when sustained sensory input does not change over time, constant stimulation loses impact. This sort of sensory attenuation due to adaptation is ubiquitous, and has been documented in vision (Riggs et al

show abstract

“…One frequently cited example for audition is frequently contrast [Cathcart andDawson, 1928, 1929;Christman, 1954 [Lotto and Kluender, 1998]. …”

Section: Perceptual Contrastmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The best-known examples are in the visual domain: enhancement of edges produced by lateral inhibition [Hartline and Ratliff, 1957], lightness judgments [Koffka, 1935], judgment of line orientation [Gibson, 1933]. Context effects in behavior are as varied as tempo of behavior [Cathcart andDawson, 1928/1929], weight lifting [Guilford and Park, 1931]. Mechanisms of contrast exist for every perceptual modality [von Bekesy, 1967;Warren, 1985].…”

Section: Perceptual Contrastmentioning

confidence: 99%