“…Furthermore, students with HRD have poorer academic achievement as compared with students having NRD (Bergey et al, 2017;Chevalier et al, 2017), including earning lower grades and being more likely to drop out of university than students with NRD (Bergey et al, 2017(Bergey et al, , 2018Chevalier et al, 2017; also see Stack-Cutler et al, 2015). This is at odds with mixed findings on students with LD, which includes some studies that found they earned similar GPAs to their non-LD peers (Heiman & Precel, 2003;Hen & Goroshit, 2014;Vogel & Adelman, 1992) and others that found lower grades for students with LD (Bellacicco & Parisi, 2021;Ruban et al, 2003). Differences in achievement for the two groups (LD vs. HRD) may be due in part to the differences in accommodations, as those with no diagnosis typically do not receive the accommodations and outreach often offered to students with diagnosed LD and which supports their academic success Vogel & Adelman, 1992).…”