Persistence and baseline determinants of seropositivity in health care workers up to nine months after COVID-19

Dobaño, Carlota; Ramírez, A. Susana; Alonso, Selena; Vidal-Alaball, Josep; Ruiz‐Olalla, Gemma; Vidal, Marta; Rubio, Rocío; Cascant, Emma; Parras, Daniel; Melero, Natalia Rodrigo; Serra, Pau; Carolis, Carlo; Santamaría, Pere; Forcada, Anna; Mendioroz, Jacobo; Aguilar, Ruth; Moncunill, Gemma; Ruiz‐Comellas, Anna

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-142984/v1

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Around 28% of the total infections detected throughout the follow up were newly diagnosed after the first visit (M0), which would reveal that infections in the hospital setting mostly happened within the first pandemic wave. No re-infections were reported in our cohort and this could be related to the induction and maintenance of robust neutralizing antibodies along the study period, in contrast with another study in a cohort of 173 primary HCW in which 4 reinfections were reported 46 . Surprisingly, only 56% of participants with evidence of infection by serology had a positive rRT-PCR, highlighting that almost half of the infections went under-detected, mainly during the baseline visit (only 49% had a previous positive rRT-PCR) and going up to 73% of rRT-PCR detection rate in the following visits.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

Seven-month kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and protective role of pre-existing antibodies to seasonal human coronaviruses on COVID-19

Ortega

Ribes

Vidal

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Unraveling long-term kinetics of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and the factors influencing its course, like prior antibody levels to human coronaviruses causing common cold (HCoVs), is essential to understand protective immunity and effective surveillance strategies. Antibody levels against six SARS-CoV-2 and four HCoV antigens were quantified by Luminex, and antibody neutralization capacity was assessed by flow cytometry in a cohort of health care workers followed-up for 6 months. Seroprevalence increased over time from 13.5% (month 0) and 15.6% (month 1), to 16.4% (month 6). Levels of antibodies were stable over time, except IgG against nucleocapsid antigen and IgM levels that waned. After the peak response, anti-spike antibody levels increased from ~150 days post-symptom onset in all individuals (73% for IgG), in the absence of any evidence of re-exposure. The neutralizing capacity of antibodies was maintained. Pre-existing antibodies to alpha-HCoV were lower in individuals who subsequently seroconverted for SARS-CoV-2. IgG and IgA to HCoV were significantly higher in asymptomatic than symptomatic seropositive individuals. Thus, pre-existing cross-reactive HCoVs antibodies could have a protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

Seven-month kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and protective role of pre-existing antibodies to seasonal human coronaviruses on COVID-19

Ortega

Ribes

Vidal

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Remarkably, compared with our prior analysis post one-year in the same cohort [23], a more steep decay in antibodies was seen after vaccination than following natural exposure, indicating that SARS-CoV-2 infection may induce better memory responses or longer-lived plasma cells.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

“…We confirmed that individuals with prior history of COVID‐19 still had higher responses almost a year after vaccination, and that post‐vaccination levels were positively associated with pre‐vaccination levels. Remarkably, compared with our prior analysis post one‐year in the same cohort [23], a more steep decay in antibodies was seen after vaccination than following natural exposure, indicating that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection may induce better memory responses or longer‐lived plasma cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…The correlation between antibody levels with days since the first vaccine dose resulted in negative and significant Rho Spearman correlation coefficients for IgG and IgA, indicative of waning. IgA appeared to have somewhat slower antibody decay than IgG, and the slope of IgG decay seemed more pronounced post‐vaccination ( ρ ≅−0.5) compared to post‐natural infection ( ρ ≅−0.25) in a prior analysis of this cohort over a similar follow‐up time [23]. In multivariable regression models, time since vaccine dose 1 was negatively and significantly associated with IgG to S and RBD antigens at T8 (Table 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Eleven‐month longitudinal study of antibodies in SARS‐CoV‐2 exposed and naïve primary health care workers upon COVID‐19 vaccination

et al. 2022

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We evaluated the kinetics of antibody responses to Two years into the COVID-19 pandemic and 1 year after the start of vaccination rollout, the world faced a peak of cases associated with the highly contagious Omicron variant of concern (VoC) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigens over five cross-sectional visits (January-November 2021), and the determinants of pre-booster immunoglobulin levels, in a prospective cohort of vaccinated primary health care workers in Catalonia, Spain. Antibodies against S antigens after a full primary vaccination course, mostly with BNT162b2, decreased steadily over time and were higher in pre-exposed (n = 247) than naïve (n = 200) individuals, but seropositivity was maintained at 100% (100% IgG, 95.5% IgA, 30.6% IgM) up to 319 days after the first dose. Antibody binding to variants of concern was highly maintained for IgG compared to wild type but significantly reduced for IgA and IgM, particularly for Beta and Gamma. Factors significantly associated with longer-term antibodies included age, sex, occupation, Carlota Dobaño and Anna Ramírez Morros shared first authorship, Gemma Moncunill and Anna Ruiz Comellas shared last authorship.

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“…Despite the clear impact of SARS-CoV-2 exposure on vaccines responses, time since infection did not have a major effect. In face of shortage of vaccine doses, and based on some studies reporting maintenance of antibody responses in COVID-19 recovered patients for more than 6 months [52][53][54][55] recommendations to wait up to 6-month post-infection to get vaccinated were issued in some countries, including Spain [23]. Nevertheless, at HCB, all HCW were recommended to get the vaccine although naïve individuals were prioritized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of early antibody responses to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in exposed and naive healthcare workers

Moncunill

Aguilar

Ribes

et al. 2021

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Background Two doses of mRNA vaccination have shown >94% efficacy at preventing COVID-19 mostly in naive adults, but it is not clear if the second dose is needed to maximize effectiveness in those previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2 and what other factors affect responsiveness. Methods We measured IgA, IgG and IgM levels against SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigens from the wild-type and S from the Alpha, Beta and Gamma variants of concern, after BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccination in a cohort of health care workers (N=578). Neutralizing capacity and antibody avidity were evaluated. Data were analyzed in relation to COVID-19 history, comorbidities, vaccine doses, brand and adverse events. Findings Vaccination induced robust IgA and IgG levels against all S antigens. Neutralization capacity and S IgA and IgG levels were higher in mRNA-1273 vaccinees, previously SARS-CoV-2 exposed, particularly if symptomatic, and in those experiencing systemic adverse effects. A second dose in pre-exposed did not increase antibody levels. Smoking and comorbidities were associated with lower neutralization and antibody levels. Among fully vaccinated, 6.3% breakthroughs were detected up to 189 days post-vaccination. Among pre-exposed non-vaccinated, 90% were IgG seropositive more than 300 days post-infection. Interpretation Our data support administering a single-dose in pre-exposed healthy individuals. However, heterogeneity of responses suggests that personalized recommendations may be necessary depending on COVID-19 history and life-style. Higher mRNA-1273 immunogenicity would be beneficial for those expected to respond worse to vaccination. Persistence of antibody levels in pre-exposed unvaccinated indicates maintenance of immunity up to one year.

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Persistence and baseline determinants of seropositivity in health care workers up to nine months after COVID-19

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Seven-month kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and protective role of pre-existing antibodies to seasonal human coronaviruses on COVID-19

Seven-month kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and protective role of pre-existing antibodies to seasonal human coronaviruses on COVID-19

Eleven‐month longitudinal study of antibodies in SARS‐CoV‐2 exposed and naïve primary health care workers upon COVID‐19 vaccination

Determinants of early antibody responses to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in exposed and naive healthcare workers

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