Persistence and baseline determinants of seropositivity and reinfection rates in health care workers up to 12.5 months after COVID-19

Dobaño, Carlota; Ramirez, Anna; Alonso, Selena; Vidal-Alaball, Josep; Ruiz‐Olalla, Gemma; Vidal, Marta; Rubio, Rocío; Cascant, Emma; Parras, Daniel; Melero, Natalia Rodrigo; Serra, Pau; Carolis, Carlo; Santamaría, Pere; Forcada, Anna; Peña, Jacobo Mendioroz; Aguilar, Ruth; Moncunill, Gemma; Ruiz‐Comellas, Anna

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-142984/v2

Cited by 6 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…We showed that 35.8% of people infected almost a year ago and not vaccinated were no longer seropositive particularly if they were >60 years of age, were smokers, and had experienced an asymptomatic infection. Other studies have shown a similar [22] or lower (e.g., 4% in healthcare workers) [23] proportion of people with no longer detectable antibodies a year after infection. We have shown that infected people may benefit from vaccination given the significant increase in antibody levels after vaccination, in line with other reports [2,24,25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination, and antibody response trajectories in adults: a cohort study in Catalonia

Karachaliou

Moncunill

Espinosa

et al. 2022

BMC Med

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Background: Heterogeneity of the population in relation to infection, COVID-19 vaccination, and host characteristics is likely reflected in the underlying SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses. Methods:We measured IgM, IgA, and IgG levels against SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antigens in 1076 adults of a cohort study in Catalonia between June and November 2020 and a second time between May and July 2021. Questionnaire data and electronic health records on vaccination and COVID-19 testing were available in both periods. Data on several lifestyle, health-related, and sociodemographic characteristics were also available.Results: Antibody seroreversion occurred in 35.8% of the 64 participants non-vaccinated and infected almost a year ago and was related to asymptomatic infection, age above 60 years, and smoking. Moreover, the analysis on kinetics revealed that among all responses, IgG RBD, IgA RBD, and IgG S2 decreased less within 1 year after infection. Among vaccinated, 2.1% did not present antibodies at the time of testing and approximately 1% had breakthrough infections post-vaccination. In the post-vaccination era, IgM responses and those against nucleoprotein were much less prevalent. In previously infected individuals, vaccination boosted the immune response and there was a slight but statistically significant increase in responses after a 2nd compared to the 1st dose. Infected vaccinated participants had superior antibody levels across time compared to naïve-vaccinated people. mRNA vaccines and, particularly the Spikevax, induced higher antibodies after 1st and 2nd doses compared to Vaxzevria or Janssen COVID-19 vaccines. In multivariable regression analyses, antibody responses after vaccination were predicted by the type of vaccine, infection age, sex, smoking, and mental and cardiovascular diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination, and antibody response trajectories in adults: a cohort study in Catalonia

Karachaliou

Moncunill

Espinosa

et al. 2022

BMC Med

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“…Of the 3282 papers initially retrieved, we included 91 cohort studies evaluating the onset of reinfection, severe and very severe/lethal COVID‐19 among 15,034,624 previously infected subjects (Figure 1), either among health care workers (27 publications; n = 37,598 2,8,9,15,17,24,36,38,42–59 ) or in the general population (67 publications; n = 14,997,026 3–7,10,12,16–23,25–27,43,49,60–106 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, a total of 158,478 reinfections were recorded among the 15,034,624 subjects with a previous infection, 2–10,12,13,15–27,36,38,42–107 corresponding to a pooled rate of 0.97% (95% CI: 0.71%–1.27%—Table 1; Figure 2). The summary rate of reinfection rose to 1.07% (95% CI: 0.73%–1.46%) when only the 69 datasets with a more conservative time lag of ≥90 days between the two episodes were considered 3–6,8–10,12,18–23,25,26,36,42–44,46–50,52–56,59,61–65,67–69,72–84,86,87,89,91–96,98,101,103,105–107 and it slightly varied by reinfection definition criteria (0.93% vs 1.01% when considering studies with high vs low risk of misclassification). The risk of reinfection was higher among health care workers as compared to the general population (1.20% vs 0.90), and among females (0.79% vs 0.55% among males), although these estimates showed largely overlapping confidence intervals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of reinfection and disease afterSARS‐CoV‐2 primary infection: Meta‐analysis

Flacco

Martellucci

Baccolini³

et al. 2022

Eur J Clin Investigation

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Introduction A precise estimate of the frequency and severity of SARS‐CoV‐2 reinfections would be critical to optimize restriction and vaccination policies for the hundreds of millions previously infected subjects. We performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the risk of reinfection and COVID‐19 following primary infection. Methods We searched MedLine, Scopus and preprint repositories for cohort studies evaluating the onset of new infections among baseline SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive subjects. Random‐effect meta‐analyses of proportions were stratified by gender, exposure risk, vaccination status, viral strain, time between episodes, and reinfection definition. Results Ninety‐one studies, enrolling 15,034,624 subjects, were included. Overall, 158,478 reinfections were recorded, corresponding to a pooled rate of 0.97% (95% CI: 0.71%–1.27%), with no substantial differences by definition criteria, exposure risk or gender. Reinfection rates were still 0.66% after ≥12 months from first infection, and the risk was substantially lower among vaccinated subjects (0.32% vs. 0.74% for unvaccinated individuals). During the first 3 months of Omicron wave, the reinfection rates reached 3.31%. Overall rates of severe/lethal COVID‐19 were very low (2–7 per 10,000 subjects according to definition criteria) and were not affected by strain predominance. Conclusions A strong natural immunity follows the primary infection and may last for more than one year, suggesting that the risk and health care needs of recovered subjects might be limited. Although the reinfection rates considerably increased during the Omicron wave, the risk of a secondary severe or lethal disease remained very low. The risk–benefit profile of multiple vaccine doses for this subset of population needs to be carefully evaluated.

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“…Only 14 (9.3%) of the study participants reported having associated comorbidities; thus, it was not possible to correlate the association of comorbid conditions with a decrease or increase in antibody response after vaccination. A study from Western India reported that there was no significant difference in the seroconversion with regard to any comorbid condition, except those with hypertension, where the seroconversion rate is low and the antibody level as well [ 13 ]. A high seroconversion rate (98%) among Sri Lankan HCWs with comorbid conditions such as diabetes, chronic kidney disease, or hypertension was reported [ 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Association of an increase of 10% COVID-19 vaccine coverage with a reduction of the average case fatality rate by 7.6% has been reported by researchers from Taiwan [ 12 ]. The longevity or persistence of protective antibodies produced after COVID-19 infection has been reported to be up to 6 months and beyond [ 13 , 14 ]. Thus, more research is needed to determine the presence and persistence of antibodies developed after COVID-19 vaccination and their protective role, which will finally determine the effectiveness of vaccination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Covishield™) Vaccination: How Long Will It Persist?

Devi

Sardar

Sharma

et al. 2022

International Journal of Microbiology

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An increase in COVID-19 immunization coverage has been linked to a decrease in the average case fatality rate. As a result, further research is needed to determine the persistence and duration of vaccine-induced protective antibodies in order to assess the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccinations. The present study aimed to determine the COVID-19 IgG antibodies among healthcare workers (HCWs) before and after the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Covishield™) vaccination. A total of 150 HCWs who had received the Covishield™ vaccine were assessed after obtaining written informed consent. Blood samples were drawn at three time points, namely, within one week prior to first dose of vaccination, prior to second dose of vaccination (28–33 days after the first dose of vaccination), and 90–95 days after the second dose of vaccination for detecting neutralizing antibodies, i.e., IgG antibodies by ELISA. The overall baseline seropositivity among the HCWs was found to be 28% (n = 42), assessed by the sample collected prior to first dose of COVID-19 vaccination. The seroconversion rate was reported to be 80% (n = 120) one month after the first dosage and increased to 92.7% (n = 139) three months later. Additionally, there was a significant gradual increase in the IgG concentrations postvaccination in majority of the study participants. In those HCWs who had prior history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, significantly higher antibody level was observed compared to antibody-naive individuals. Fever, pain or swelling at the site of injection, and headache were the most frequently reported adverse events following vaccination among the study participants. Regardless of prior SARS-CoV-2 positivity, two doses of the CovishieldTM vaccine elicited a protective neutralizing antibody response that lasted for three months after the second dose of vaccination.

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Persistence and baseline determinants of seropositivity and reinfection rates in health care workers up to 12.5 months after COVID-19

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination, and antibody response trajectories in adults: a cohort study in Catalonia

SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination, and antibody response trajectories in adults: a cohort study in Catalonia

Risk of reinfection and disease afterSARS‐CoV‐2 primary infection: Meta‐analysis

Impact of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Covishield™) Vaccination: How Long Will It Persist?

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