Persistence and distribution of chlordane and dieldrin applied as termiticides

Bennett, G. W.; Ballee, D. L.; Hall, R. C.; Fahey, J. E.; Butts, William L.; Osmun, J. V.

doi:10.1007/bf01685030

Cited by 37 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Phased out of use in the US during the 1980s, both legacy OC insecticides were broadly used for residential and agricultural areas and are estimated to have half-lives of up to 20 years [48]. Exposures to other pesticides, namely the current-use pyrethroid insecticides cis - and trans -permethrin, displayed greater concentration variability between participant wristbands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal samplers of bioavailable pesticides integrated with a hair follicle assay of DNA damage to assess environmental exposures and their associated risks in children

Vidi

Anderson

Chen

et al. 2017

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagene

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Agriculture in the United States employs youth ages ten and older in work environments with high pesticide levels. Younger children in rural areas may also be affected by indirect pesticide exposures. The long-term effects of pesticides on health and development are difficult to assess and poorly understood. Yet, epidemiologic studies suggest associations with cancer as well as cognitive deficits. We report a practical and cost-effective approach to assess environmental pesticide exposures and their biological consequences in children. Our approach combines silicone wristband personal samplers and DNA damage quantification from hair follicles, and was tested as part of a community-based participatory research (CBPR) project involving ten Latino children from farmworker households in North Carolina. Our study documents high acceptance among Latino children and their caregivers of these noninvasive sampling methods. The personal samplers detected organophosphates, organochlorines, and pyrethroids in the majority of the participants (70%, 90%, 80%, respectively). Pesticides were detected in all participant samplers, with an average of 6.2 ± 2.4 detections/participant sampler. DNA damage in epithelial cells from the sheath and bulb of plucked hairs follicles was quantified by immunostaining 53BP1-labled DNA repair foci. This method is sensitive, as shown by dose response analyses to γ radiations where the lowest dose tested (0.1 Gy) led to significant increased 53BP1 foci density. Immunolabeling of DNA repair foci has significant advantages over the comet assay in that specific regions of the follicles can be analyzed. In this cohort of child participants, significant association was found between the number of pesticide detections and DNA damage in the papilla region of the hairs. We anticipate that this monitoring approach of bioavailable pesticides and genotoxicity will enhance our knowledge of the biological effects of pesticides to guide education programs and safety policies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal samplers of bioavailable pesticides integrated with a hair follicle assay of DNA damage to assess environmental exposures and their associated risks in children

Vidi

Anderson

Chen

et al. 2017

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagene

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“…In humans the predominant chlordane-related contaminants detected are trans -nonachlor and oxychlordane, a major metabolite of the chlordanes and nonachlors (Dearth and Hites 1991; Ivie 1973). Chlordanes have a 10- to 20-year half-life in soil, and exposure as a result of termite treatment around dwellings may have continued for decades after application (Bennett et al 1974). …”

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confidence: 99%

Maternal Pregnancy Levels of trans -Nonachlor and Oxychlordane and Prevalence of Cryptorchidism and Hypospadias in Boys

Trabert

Longnecker

Brock

et al. 2012

Environ Health Perspect

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Background: The etiologies of the male urogenital anomalies—cryptorchidism and hypospadias—are poorly understood. Given positive associations between chlordane isomers and testicular germ cell tumors, it is reasonable to assume that chlordanes might also be associated with other testicular dysgenesis syndrome disorders, namely cryptorchidism and hypospadias.Objective: To examine whether exposure to in utero chlordane is related to cryptorchidism and hypospadias, we evaluated levels of chlordane derivatives, trans-nonachlor and oxychlordane, among pregnant women enrolled in the Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP).Methods: From 1959 to 1965, the CPP enrolled pregnant women at 12 U.S. medical centers. We analyzed serum trans-nonachlor and oxychlordane levels measured in third-trimester serum from the mothers of 217 sons with cryptorchidism, 197 sons with hypospadias, and 557 sons with neither condition. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using conditional logistic regression.Results: The quartile-specific ORs for cryptorchidism or hypospadias show no notable associations with trans-nonachlor or oxychlordane. Further, there were no significant trends with increasing quartile of maternal trans-nonachlor or oxychlordane level in either cryptorchidism or hypospadias (p-trend all > 0.45).Conclusions: The results do not support an association between chlordane levels and cryptorchidism or hypospadias. It is unlikely that current chlordane exposure is related to the development of either anomaly, given that serum chlordane levels at the time of sample collection, the early 1960s, were considerably higher than levels at present.

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“…Technical grade chlordane is a mixture of over 120 structurally related compounds whose major constituents include cis-and trans-chlordane (c-chlor and t-chlor), cis-and trans-nonachlor (c-non and t-non) and heptachlor (Dearth and Hites 1991a). Chlordane has a 10-20 year half-life in soil around dwellings treated for termites (Bennett et al 1974). Chordane is highly toxic, stable, highly lipid soluble with a long biological half-life and shows a high degree of bioaccumulation and biomagnification within food chains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-dependent effects of chlordane on thyroid histological structure and function in rats

Lü

Zhan

2010

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry

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In order to study the time-dependent effects of chlordane on thyroid hormone levels and histological structure in rats, 120 healthy 4-week-old SD rats were divided randomly into 12 groups. Rats in treatment groups were treated orally by gavage with chlordane at a dose of 15 mg kg À1 for 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, or 40 days, while rats in control group received an equal volume of corn oil. Serum levels of thyroxine (FT4), triiodothyronine (FT3), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Sections of thyroids were dyed with hematoxylineosin to detect any pathological alterations. In chlordane treated groups, on day 5, changes in serum levels of FT4, FT3, and TSH were not found. On days 10 and 15, serum levels of FT4 and FT3 decreased, accompanied by increased levels of TSH. On days 20, 30 and 40, serum levels of these hormones returned to control values. As for alterations in histology, on day 10-15, follicular epithelium of the thyroid were found to proliferate into two layers in chlordane treated rats. On day 20, in focal areas the two-layer afollicular epithelia were observed to continuously proliferate into 3-4 layers of follicular epithelium, termed hyperplasia plaques. On days 30 and 40, solid buds and secondary follicles to solid buds were detected. The earliest alteration of thyroid hormones in treated SD rats occurred between 5 and 10 days with corresponding histopathologic changes. As the exposure time increased, the serum levels of hormones and histopathology altered in a time-dependent manner.

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Persistence and distribution of chlordane and dieldrin applied as termiticides

Cited by 37 publications

References 8 publications

Personal samplers of bioavailable pesticides integrated with a hair follicle assay of DNA damage to assess environmental exposures and their associated risks in children

Personal samplers of bioavailable pesticides integrated with a hair follicle assay of DNA damage to assess environmental exposures and their associated risks in children

Maternal Pregnancy Levels of trans -Nonachlor and Oxychlordane and Prevalence of Cryptorchidism and Hypospadias in Boys

Time-dependent effects of chlordane on thyroid histological structure and function in rats

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