Persistence and mobility of simazine in some New Zealand soils

Rahman, A.; Holland, Patrick T.

doi:10.1080/03015521.1985.10426059

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The t 1/2 values in the non‐sterilized soils concur with those reported by other authors24, 25 for simazine under similar temperature, soil texture and soil moisture conditions. The longer t 1/2 value in the sterilized soil indicates the role of micro‐organisms in degradation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Simazine biodegradation in soil: analysis of bacterial community structure by in situ hybridization

Caracciolo

Grenni

Ciccoli³

et al. 2005

Pest Management Science

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Pesticide and nitrate contamination of soil and groundwater from agriculture is an environmental and public health concern worldwide. Simazine, 6-chloro-N2,N4-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine, is a triazine herbicide used in agriculture for selective weed control with several types of crops and it is frequently applied to soils receiving N-fertilizers. Degradation experiments were performed in the laboratory to assess whether the biodegradation of simazine in soil may be influenced by the presence of urea. Simazine degradation rates under different experimental conditions (presence/absence of urea, microbiologically active/sterilized soil) were assessed together with the formation, degradation and transformation of its main metabolites in soil. Simazine degradation was affected by the presence of urea, in terms both of a smaller half-life (t(1/2)) and of a higher amount of desethyl-simazine formed. The soil bacterial community was also studied. Microbial abundances were determined by epifluorescence direct counting. Moreover in situ hybridization with rRNA-targeted fluorescent oligonucleotide probes was used to analyze the bacterial community structure. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect specific groups of bacteria such as the alpha,beta,gamma-subdivisions of Proteobacteria, Gram-positive bacteria with a high G + C DNA content, Planctomycetes, Betaproteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nitrifying bacteria. The presence of the herbicide and/or urea affected the bacterial community structure, showing that FISH is a valuable tool for determining the response of bacterial populations to different environmental conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Simazine biodegradation in soil: analysis of bacterial community structure by in situ hybridization

Caracciolo

Grenni

Ciccoli³

et al. 2005

Pest Management Science

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“…The persistence of hexazinone varies with soil type, environmental conditions (Rhodes 1980;Rahman 1981;Harrington et al 1982;USDA-FS 1984a), and timing of application (Coackley and Moore 1977) with a half-life ranging from 10-180 days (Gaskin and Zabkiewicz 1986;Khan and Liang 1989;Michael and Neary 1993). For example, hexazinone was found to be more persistent under cold and dry conditions than under warm and wet conditions and was more mobile in a sandy loam soil than in a silt loam soil (Rahman 1981). These results are in agreement with other studies in North America (Rhodes 1980;Feng 1987;Roy et al 1989) and New Zealand (Close et al 2008;Sarmah et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative persistence of commonly used forestry herbicides for preventing the establishment of broom (Cytisus scoparius) seedlings in New Zealand plantations

Trần

Harrington

Robertson

et al. 2015

N.Z. j. of For. Sci.

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Background: Many of the herbicides used in site preparation of forests and during initial selective weed management can persist in the soil for several months, killing or stunting seedlings of broom (Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link) as they establish. The objective of this research was to determine the relative persistence and effect over time of the herbicides most widely applied within radiata pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) plantations in New Zealand on broom survival and growth. Methods: Eleven herbicide treatments were applied in early summer to a Tokomaru silt loam soil. Soil samples were collected from each treatment at fortnightly intervals for up to a year. The samples were placed into pots and immediately sown with scarified viable broom seeds in a heated glasshouse. Relative growth and biomass of seedlings were determined as the ratio of growth and survival in each treatment relative to growth and survival in an untreated control. Logistic curves were fitted to recorded values of relative growth and survival over time and the time to reach 50 and 95% of the vigour of the plants in the untreated control was determined. Results: The treatments can be approximately ranked in the following order from most to least persistent: triclopyr/ picloram > high rate of clopyralid > high rate of hexazinone > terbuthylazine/hexazinone > low rate of hexazinone > low rate of clopyralid > high rate of terbuthylazine > triclopyr > high rate of metsulfuron-methyl > low rate of terbuthylazine > low rate of metsulfuron-methyl. Conclusion: As the rate of triclopyr/picloram used in this work is too phytotoxic to be used selectively over newly planted radiata pines, this treatment would only be suitable prior to tree planting so residual activity would control seedlings that develop after scrub clearance. For post-plant weed management operations, results show hexazinone and high rates of clopyralid to be useful for long-term management of broom as both these herbicides have low phytotoxicity to radiata pine. When combined with low rates of triclopyr and picloram, clopyralid could provide an effective treatment that could be used in combination with oversown or naturally occurring grasses to manage broom.

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“…In acidic soil (pH 5.4-5.5) from New Zealand, the half-life of simazine was 25 days when the organic carbon level was 4.6%, and the half-life increased to 32 days in soil with organic carbon levels of 9.4%. Additional information suggested that higher application rates of simazine increased the persistency of this herbicide in soils (Rahman and Holland 1985). One of the shortest half-lives was reported in soil obtained from a Spanish citrus orchard.…”

Section: Pesticides Concentrations In Soil Samplesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pesticide Impact Assessment via Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Technique in the Lower Rio Grande River Basin, Texas

et al. 2009

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This paper presents a field survey using health impact assessment approach trying to: (1) demonstrate a basic soil and groundwater survey/sampling, (2) investigate any possible long-term pesticide contamination in connection with citrus orchard pesticide application, and (3) conduct an assessment review of possible pesticide impacts on public health in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV), Texas. A sampling plan was prepared to collect samples that include soil from a citrus orchard of Texas A&M Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, located in the Hidalgo county and groundwater from domestic and public wells located in the neighboring LRGV region. Field investigation of the contamination was performed using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique and the analytical results indicated that there is no considerable concentration of simazine pesticide in soil and groundwater. All of the measurements are below the maximum contamination limit (MCL) value provided by US EPA. A statistical assessment was also performed on the cancer mortality rates in the LRGV region to identify any significant health concerns in this region. After reviewing several relevant reports, it is inferred that there are no apparent health issues in the LRGV region in relation to such pesticide impact and

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Persistence and mobility of simazine in some New Zealand soils

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Simazine biodegradation in soil: analysis of bacterial community structure by in situ hybridization

Simazine biodegradation in soil: analysis of bacterial community structure by in situ hybridization

Relative persistence of commonly used forestry herbicides for preventing the establishment of broom (Cytisus scoparius) seedlings in New Zealand plantations

Pesticide Impact Assessment via Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Technique in the Lower Rio Grande River Basin, Texas

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