Persistence in bovine mastitis of Staphylococcus aureus clones as assessed by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, ribotyping and biotyping

Myllys, Vesa; Ridell, Jouko; Björkroth, Johanna; Biese, I.; Pyörälä, Satu

doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(97)00137-5

Cited by 37 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This may be indicative of the atypical nature of S. aureus Newbould 305 as a representative of S. aureus pathogenic for the udder; further work is therefore needed to fully characterize the Newbould 305 strain. Typically, intramammary S. aureus infections are characterized by high but variable somatic cell counts (11,44), persistence (34,38), variable shedding of bacteria (6,43), and low cure rates (3,9). While S. aureus Newbould 305 is convenient for use in challenge trials, it may not be representative of intramammary S. aureus isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocus Sequence Typing of Intercontinental BovineStaphylococcus aureusIsolates

et al. 2005

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A total of 258 bovine-associated Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the United States, Chile, and the United Kingdom, plus the reference isolate S. aureus Newbould 305 (NCIMB 702892), were analyzed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). A collection of previously characterized United Kingdom isolates were also included in the analysis. The results demonstrated that MLST is suitable for the differentiation of bovine S. aureus isolates from various sites (milk, teat skin, milking machine unit liners, hands, and bedding) and countries. The theory of the host specificity of S. aureus is supported by the detection of a previously undescribed clonal complex that comprised 87.4% of the isolates studied, with representatives from all geographic locations investigated. This suggests that a single clonal group has achieved a widespread distribution and is responsible for the majority of infections. Some sequence types (STs; ST25, ST115, ST124, and ST126) demonstrated site specificity, as they were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with milk or teat skin.Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of bovine mastitis and is spread from cow to cow (skin or milk) via the milking machine (35, 57). Environmental spread may also occur, since strains of S. aureus have been isolated from the environment of dairy farms and from other species that are present on dairy farms (32,39).A number of studies have identified potential sources of the pathogen and have investigated strain-specific differences (19, 40). The major potential sources identified were milk, body sites, and, to a lesser extent, the environment (40). Studies investigating the global population structure of bovine S. aureus suggest that a relatively few specialized clones are responsible for the majority of intramammary infections (IMIs) (26, 55), although some authors did not report between-farm genetic homogeneity (25,46). Most of these studies have used techniques such as phage typing (19, 40) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) (7, 25) to compare isolates. These methods lack intercenter reproducibility (55). Library typing systems such as binary typing (BT) (53) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) (31) have been developed to overcome these problems by producing results that are repeatable between laboratories and over time.The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of MLST as a method for the typing of S. aureus isolates of bovine origin from a number of distinct geographical sources. A collection of isolates previously characterized by phage typing (19) and by PFGE and binary typing (55) was used to compare these methods to MLST. The data were then used in a preliminary analysis of the evolutionary and population biology of S. aureus isolates of bovine origin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocus Sequence Typing of Intercontinental BovineStaphylococcus aureusIsolates

et al. 2005

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“…Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, ribotyping, biotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and binary typing are the major techniques previously used to identify persistent chronic infection of mammary quarters with the same strain (23,27) and simultaneous infections within udders of more than one strain (27,46). However, the presence of different strains within a quarter has been demonstrated only experimentally (45).…”

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Multilocus Sequence Typing of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from High-Somatic-Cell-Count Cows and the Environment of an Organic Dairy Farm in the United Kingdom

et al. 2005

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An outbreak of Staphylococcus aureus intramammary infections on an organic dairy farm was monitored for 10 months. Environmental and milk samples were collected from a total of 26 cows and a group of 21 purchased heifers about to be introduced into the milking herd. There was variation in the rate of isolation of S. aureus (9.5 to 43.8%) from individual mammary quarters, although no S. aureus isolates were detected in the milk samples collected from the heifers. One hundred ninety-one S. aureus isolates were detected from cow milk samples (n ‫؍‬ 182), milking machine clusters (n ‫؍‬ 4), farm personnel (n ‫؍‬ 4), and the environment (n ‫؍‬ 1). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) had a typeability of 100% when it was applied to the 191 isolates. Among the 191 isolates there was limited strain diversity, with seven sequence types (STs) dominated by two strains with closely related STs that differed at a single locus. Within individual mammary quarters there were naturally occurring dual infections, although this was identified in only 0.4% of milk samples. Different strains were associated with variable persistence within quarters. MLST is clearly a very suitable tool for the differentiation and analysis of S. aureus populations detected on dairy cattle farms.Mastitis is the most frequently occurring health problem in organic dairy cattle herds, with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus uberis being the most frequently isolated pathogens (41, 43). Control of contagious mastitis is more difficult on organic dairy farms than on conventional dairy farms because the routine use of antibiotic dry cow therapy (DCT) at the end of lactation is not permitted (12) and DCT is currently the most effective method of reducing contagious pathogen infections (32).The lactating mammary gland is the primary reservoir of S. aureus (5, 24), although environmental S. aureus isolates have been detected on heifer body sites and in the dairy farm environment (20,29). While nonmilk isolates may not form a large reservoir of infection (29), their presence may improve the ability of S. aureus to circumvent control mechanisms and persist within a herd, and their importance can be investigated through strain typing.Molecular epidemiological investigations of S. aureus isolated from intramammary infections (IMIs) on individual dairy farms have identified clonal populations characterized by dominant strains and low strain diversity (16, 49). Strain dominance is likely to be associated with virulence and persistence within the mammary gland (31). Although some studies have reported the genetic diversity of S. aureus on individual farms (15, 34), these contrasting results may be due to variations in sampling and typing protocols or to differences in herd sizes and management techniques.A range of different typing techniques have been employed to understand the epidemiology of S. aureus infections. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, ribotyping, biotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and binary typing are the major techniques previous...

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“…The main infection sources are animals with the four-partitioned udders infected by S. aureus and with contaminated udder skin and teats. Moreover, the insufflators of milking machines are the chief means of infection transmission (12).…”

Section: Molecular Epidemiology Of S Aureusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus isolates at different sites in the milk producing dairy farms

Souza¹,

Melo²,

Ferraudo³

et al. 2012

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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The epidemiological relationships between isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains in milk samples of dairy cows, reagent to California Mastitis Test, individual and group milk was demonstrated in different sites of the production fluxogram, in 12 milk-producing farms in the Gameleira region, municipality of Sacramento MG Brazil, so that localization and transmission modes may be identified. Two hundred and forty-four strains out of 446 samples collected at several sites were isolated and bio-chemically characterized as coagulase-positive staphylococcus. Specific chromosome DNA fragment of the species Staphylococcus aureus was amplified to 106 strains and 103 underwent (PFGE). Samples' collection sites with the highest isolation frequency of Staphylococcus aureus strains comprised papillary ostia (31.1%), CMT-reagent cow milk (21.7%), mechanical milking machines' insufflators (21,7%), milk in milk pails (6.6%) and the milk in community bulk tanks (5.6%). Genetic heterogeneity existed among the isolated 103 Staphylococcus aureus strains, since 32 different pulse-types were identified. Pulse-type 1 had the highest similarity among the isolated strains within the different sites of the milk-production fluxogram. Highest occurrence of pulsetype 1 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus strains was reported in samples collected from the papillary ostia (10.6%), followed by milk samples from CMT-reagent dairy cows (5.8%) and mechanical milking machine insufflators (3.8%). The above shows the relevance of these sites in the agents' transmission mechanism within the context of the farms investigated.

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Persistence in bovine mastitis of Staphylococcus aureus clones as assessed by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, ribotyping and biotyping

Cited by 37 publications

References 12 publications

Multilocus Sequence Typing of Intercontinental BovineStaphylococcus aureusIsolates

Multilocus Sequence Typing of Intercontinental BovineStaphylococcus aureusIsolates

Multilocus Sequence Typing of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from High-Somatic-Cell-Count Cows and the Environment of an Organic Dairy Farm in the United Kingdom

Molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus isolates at different sites in the milk producing dairy farms

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