Persistence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Long Term Care Residents Over Seven Months After Two COVID-19 Outbreaks

Tanunliong, Guadalein; Liu, Aaron C.; Pidduck, Tamara; Kustra, Jesse; Márquez, Ana; Choi, Alex; McLennan, Meghan; Hayden, Althea; Kearney, Christy; Gantt, Soren; Krajden, Mel; Morshed, Muhammad; Jassem, Agatha N; Sekirov, Inna

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.775420

Cited by 8 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…14 In two outbreaks at the same long term care facility, all ten residents in both outbreaks has a significant anti-N antibody decline, with all ten second serology measures remaining barely positive after seven months; decline in anti-spike over four months was not significantly different, similar to our findings. 19 Among cohorts of healthcare workers, similar declines in N-IgG were noted. Anna and colleagues found anti-N titers declined by 31% over 4-8 weeks in the majority of French healthcare workers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13][14][15] IgG antibody responses wane over time, 9,[16][17][18] particularly Nucleocapsid antibodies. 15,19 Importantly, the strength and longevity of the antibody response informs whether persons are likely to be protected from reinfection. 10,20,21 Longitudinal studies have been conducted to examine the persistence of IgG antibody duration over time, mostly in healthcare workers 18,22,23 , long-term care residents 19 , and COVID-19 patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Loss of SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity among Healthy Young Adults over Seven Months

Lea¹,

Simeonsson

Kipp³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Objective: We conducted a longitudinal study to estimate immunity produced in response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among university students over seven months. Methods: All participants were attending a public university and resided in Pitt County, North Carolina. University students enrolled weekly for 10 weeks between August 26, 2020 and October 28, 2020, resulting in 136 young adults completing at least one study visit by November 17, 2020. Enrolled students completed an online survey and nasal swab collection at two week intervals and monthly blood collection between August 26, 2020 and March 31, 2021. Results: Amongst 695 serum samples tested during follow-up, the prevalence of a positive result for anti-nucleocapsid antibodies (N-IgG) was 9.78%. In 22 students with more than one positive N-IgG serum sample, 68.1% of group had decline of N-IgG below positive threshold over 140 days. Anti-spike antibodies were detected in all 11 vaccinated students who were vaccinated during March 2021. Conclusions: In healthy young adults, N-IgG wanes below detectable threshold within five months. S-IgG remained consistently elevated months after infection, and significantly increased after vaccination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Loss of SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity among Healthy Young Adults over Seven Months

Lea¹,

Simeonsson

Kipp³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Due to the high number of cases in LTCFs prior to vaccines and other preventative measures, many staff and residents became infected during 2020 and 2021, with some facilities reporting infection and seroprevalence rates as high as 40% [8][9][10][11]. Therefore, there are two immunologically distinct populations of individuals receiving vaccines; those that are naïve, with no evidence of a prior infection (seronegative), and those that are pre-immune with either a documented prior infection, or serological evidence of prior infection (seropositive).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of prior infection on SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in vaccinated long-term care facility staff

Gallichotte

Nehring

Stromberg

et al. 2022

Preprint

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SARS-CoV-2 emerged in 2019 and has resulted in millions of deaths worldwide. Certain populations are at higher risk for infection, especially staff and residents at long term care facilities (LTCF), due to the congregant living setting, and residents with many comorbidities. Prior to vaccine availability, these populations represented a large fraction of total COVID-19 cases and deaths in the U.S. Due to the high-risk setting and outbreak potential, staff and residents were among the first groups to be vaccinated. To define the impact of prior infection on response to vaccination, we measured antibody responses in a cohort of staff members at a LTCF, many of whom were previously infected by SARS-CoV-2. We found that neutralizing, receptor-binding-domain (RBD) and nucleoprotein (NP) binding antibody levels were significantly higher post-full vaccination course in individuals that were previously infected, and NP antibody levels could discriminate individuals with prior infection from vaccinated individuals. While an anticipated antibody titer increase was observed after vaccine booster dose in naïve individuals, boost response was not observed in individuals with previous COVID-19 infection. We observed a strong relationship between neutralizing antibodies and RBD-binding antibodies post-vaccination across all groups, suggesting RBD-binding antibodies may be used as a correlate of neutralization. One individual with high levels of neutralizing and binding antibodies experienced a breakthrough infection (prior to the introduction of Omicron), demonstrating that the presence of antibodies is not always sufficient for complete protection against infection. These results highlight that history of COVID-19 exposure significantly increases SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses following vaccination.ImportanceLong-term care facilities (LTCFs) have been disproportionately impacted by COVID-19, due to their communal nature, high-risk profile of residents and vulnerability to respiratory pathogens. In this study, we analyzed the role of prior natural immunity to SARS-CoV-2 on post-vaccination antibody responses. The LTCF in our cohort experienced a large outbreak with almost 40% of staff becoming infected. We found that individuals that were infected prior to vaccination, had higher levels of neutralizing and binding antibodies post-vaccination. Importantly, the second vaccine dose significantly boosted antibody levels in those that were immunologically naïve prior to vaccination, but not those that had prior immunity. Regardless of pre-vaccination immune status, levels of binding and neutralizing antibodies were highly correlated. The presence of NP-binding antibodies can be used to identify individuals that were previously infected when pre-vaccination immune status is not known. Our results reveal that vaccination antibody responses differ depending on prior natural immunity.

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Neutralizing Antibody Responses Among Residents and Staff of Long-Term Care Facilities in the State of New Jersey During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Friedman

Thomas

et al. 2022

J Community Health

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Expanding a previous study of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in 10 New Jersey long-term care facilities (LTCFs) during the first wave of the pandemic, this study characterized the neutralizing antibody (NAb) response to infection and vaccination among residents and staff. Sera from the original study were tested using the semi-quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent cPass neutralization-antibody detection assay. Almost all residents (97.8%) and staff (98.1%) who were positive for IgG S antibody to the spike protein were positive for NAb. In non-vaccinated subjects with a history of infection (positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or antigen test), the distribution of mean intervals from infection to serology date was not significantly different for S antibody positives versus negatives. More than 80% of both were positive at 10 months. Similarly, the mean NAb titer for residents and staff was not associated with interval from PCR/antigen positive to serology date, F = 0.1.01, Pr > F = 0.4269 and F = 0.77, Pr > F = 0.6548 respectively. Titers remained high as the interval reached 10 months. In vaccinees who had no history of infection, the NAb titer was near the test maximum when the serum was drawn seven or more days after the second vaccine dose. In staff the mean NAb titer increased significantly as the vaccine number increased from one to two doses, F = 11.69, Pr > F < 0.0001. NAb titers to SARS-CoV-2 in residents and staff of LTCFs were consistently high 10 months after infection and after two doses of vaccine. Ongoing study is needed to determine whether this antibody provides protection as the virus continues to mutate.

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Persistence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Long Term Care Residents Over Seven Months After Two COVID-19 Outbreaks

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Loss of SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity among Healthy Young Adults over Seven Months

Loss of SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity among Healthy Young Adults over Seven Months

Impact of prior infection on SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in vaccinated long-term care facility staff

Neutralizing Antibody Responses Among Residents and Staff of Long-Term Care Facilities in the State of New Jersey During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic

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