Persistence of <i>Escherichia coli</i> in the soil of an organic mixed crop‐livestock farm that integrates sheep grazing within vegetable fields

Patterson, Laura; Navarro-González, Nora; Jay-Russell, Michele; Aminabadi, Peiman; Antaki-Zukoski, Elizabeth; Pires, Alda F. A.

doi:10.1111/zph.12503

Cited by 16 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This is consistent with previous finding that generic E. coli is a poor fecal indicator in soil from fresh produce field (Ceuppens et al, 2015). Generic E. coli can be present in non-fecal environment and has the ability to proliferate in the environment (Park et al, 2016; Patterson et al, 2018; Allard et al, 2019). The above evidence collectively reinforces the need to explore a suitable generic fecal indicator microorganism of soil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Safety of Dairy Manure Fertilizer Application in Raspberry Production

et al. 2019

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Dairy manure, a by-product in the dairy industry, is also a potential source of nutrients for crops. However, improper application of biological soil amendments of animal origin can be a source of contamination with enteric foodborne pathogens. A 2-year field study was conducted to evaluate impacts of dairy manure fertilizer application on the microbial safety of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L) production. Fertilizers, including a standard synthetic fertilizer (CON), straight lagoon raw manure (SL), anaerobically digested liquid effluent (DLE), compost (COM) and dairy manure-derived refined fertilizers including ammonium sulfate (AS) and phosphorous solid (PS), were randomly applied in quadruplicate to raspberry plots. Soil, fertilizer, foliar, and raspberry fruit samples were collected during the cropping season for the quantification of indicator microorganisms (total coliform and generic Escherichia coli) and detection of important foodborne pathogens (Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes). Counts of total coliforms in soil were stable over the 2017 cropping season and were not impacted by fertilizer application. In 2018, total coliforms increased with season and soils treated with COM had a significantly higher coliform number than those treated with CON. Both total coliform and generic E. coli in raspberry fruit samples were below the detectable level (3 most probable number/g) regardless of fertilizer types. In both years, no STEC or L. monocytogenes was detected from any of the collected samples regardless of fertilizer treatments. However, Salmonella were detected in some of the fertilizers, including PS (2017), DLE (2018), and SL (2018), which were transferred to soil samples taken directly after application of these fertilizers. Salmonella were not detected in soil samples 2 or 4 months post fertilizer application, foliar, or raspberry fruit samples regardless of fertilizer applications. In summary, one-time application of raw dairy manure or dairy manure-derived fertilizers more than 4 months prior to harvest has no major impact on food safety of red raspberry (6 ft. tall) production in Lynden sandy loam under good agricultural practices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Safety of Dairy Manure Fertilizer Application in Raspberry Production

et al. 2019

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“…Potential EcO157 source of SP and YJsoilsmay include the application of poorly composed organic fertilizer, feces of local livestock farms and wild animals, run-off from the piles of animal wastes, and pathogen-containing dust deposited into the land. Fresh vegetables and fruitsare important directions for the prevention and control of food-borne pollution [36].Microbial community structure and composition, as well as the soil physicochemical properties, might vary significantly in soils from different land-use types [37,38], and such variation might, in turn, influence the persistence ofpathogens invaded into those soils.However, the influence of soil abiotic and biotic factors on the survival of the invading human pathogensremains poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between Fungal Communities, Soil Properties, and the Survival of Invading E. coli O157:H7 in Soils

Huang

Liao

Han

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Pathogens that invade into the soil cancontaminate food and water, andinfect animals and human beings. It is well documented that individual bacterial phyla are well correlated with the survival of E. coliO157 (EcO157), while the interaction betweenthe fungal communities and EcO157 survival remains largely unknown. In this study, soil samples from Tongliao, Siping, and Yanji in northeast China were collected and characterized. Total DNA was extracted for fungal and bacterial community characterization. EcO157 cells were spiked into the soils, and their survival behavior was investigated. Results showed that both fungal and bacterial communities were significantly correlated (p < 0.01) with the survival of EcO157 in soils, and the relative abundances of fungal groups (Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes) and some bacterial phyla (Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, gamma- and delta-Proteobacteria)weresignificantly correlated with ttds (p < 0.01). Soil pH, EC (electric conductance) salinity, and water-soluble nitrate nitrogen were significantly correlated with survival time (time to reach the detection limit, ttd) (p < 0.05). The structural equation model indicated that fungal communities could directly influence ttds, and soil properties could indirectly influence the ttds through fungal communities. The first log reduction time (δ) was mainly correlated with soil properties, while the shape parameter (p) was largely correlated with fungal communities. Our data indicated that both fungal and bacterial communities were closely correlated (p < 0.05)with the survival of EcO157 in soils, and different fungal and bacterial groups might play different roles. Fungal communities and bacterial communities explained 5.87% and 17.32% of the overall variation of survival parameters, respectively. Soil properties explained about one-third of the overall variation of survival parameters. These findings expand our current understanding of the environmental behavior of human pathogens in soils.

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“…Livestock integration on these diversified farms (also called mixed crop-livestock farms or integrated livestock farms) may be classified temporally, spatially or based upon partial or full integration of animals and crops: spatially separated (livestock and crops are physically isolated), partial integration (animals and crops occupy the same field but at different times) and fully integrated (animals graze underneath or in between crops while they grow) [3]. DSSF that integrate livestock may use their animals to graze forage crops [3], post-harvest crop residues and/or cover crops [4]. Integrating livestock and cropland provides benefits, such as reducing pests or weeds, improving soil fertility, strengthening farm income and increasing regional food security [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diversified farms are operations that raise a variety of crops (e.g. vegetables, orchard fruit, grapes) and/or multiple species of livestock, with the goal of utilising the products of one for the growth of the other, thereby fostering a sustainable cycle [2–4]. They are also often small-scale with the intent of selling directly to consumers [2, 3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors associated withCampylobacterspp. andSalmonella entericain livestock raised on diversified small-scale farms in California

et al. 2019

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Diversified farms are operations that raise a variety of crops and/or multiple species of livestock, with the goal of utilising the products of one for the growth of the other, thus fostering a sustainable cycle. This type of farming reflects consumers' increasing demand for sustainably produced, naturally raised or pasture-raised animal products that are commonly produced on diversified farms. The specific objectives of this study were to characterise diversified small-scale farms (DSSF) in California, estimate the prevalence of Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter spp. in livestock and poultry, and evaluate the association between farm- and sample-level risk factors and the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. on DSSF in California using a multilevel logistic model. Most participating farms were organic and raised more than one animal species. Overall Salmonella prevalence was 1.19% (95% confidence interval (CI95) 0.6–2), and overall Campylobacter spp. prevalence was 10.8% (CI95 = 9–12.9). Significant risk factors associated with Campylobacter spp. were farm size (odds ratio (OR)10–50 acres: less than 10 acres = 6, CI95 = 2.11–29.8), ownership of swine (OR = 9.3, CI95 = 3.4–38.8) and season (ORSpring: Coastal summer = 3.5, CI95 = 1.1–10.9; ORWinter: Coastal summer = 3.23, CI95 = 1.4–7.4). As the number of DSSF continues to grow, evaluating risk factors and management practices that are unique to these operations will help identify risk mitigation strategies and develop outreach materials to improve the food safety of animal and vegetable products produced on DSSF.

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Persistence of Escherichia coli in the soil of an organic mixed crop‐livestock farm that integrates sheep grazing within vegetable fields

Cited by 16 publications

References 42 publications

Microbial Safety of Dairy Manure Fertilizer Application in Raspberry Production

Microbial Safety of Dairy Manure Fertilizer Application in Raspberry Production

Interaction between Fungal Communities, Soil Properties, and the Survival of Invading E. coli O157:H7 in Soils

Prevalence and risk factors associated withCampylobacterspp. andSalmonella entericain livestock raised on diversified small-scale farms in California

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