Persistence of
            <i>Escherichia coli</i>
            O157 Isolates on Bovine Farms in England and Wales

Liébana, Ernesto; Smith, Richard P.; Batchelor, Miranda; McLaren, I.; Cassar, Claire; Clifton-Hadley, F. A.; Paiba, G. A.

doi:10.1128/jcm.43.2.898-902.2005

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Unfortunately, these cow-calf herds appear to experience seemingly unpredictable sporadic new infections from either an undiscovered environmental point source or from events of high interanimal transmission of an endemic pathogenic strain of E. coli O157:H7 that amplify the environmental food safety risks from the herd. This pattern of variable persistence of specific strains of pathogenic E. coli O157:H7 has been observed in numerous prior studies both in the United States and internationally (27,45,46). Although we found several factors associated with the odds of fecal shedding of these strains of E. coli O157:H7 among California beef cattle, it is unclear whether the shift in season, the changes to the herd density, the length of the calving season, or recent access to surface sources of drinking water can explain these upward spikes in the point prevalence of cattle infection and subsequent fecal shedding.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

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Prevalence and Genomic Characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Cow-Calf Herds throughout California

Worley

Flores

Yang

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 is a zoonotic food-and waterborne bacterial pathogen that causes a high hospitalization rate and can cause lifethreatening complications. Increasingly, E. coli O157:H7 infections appear to originate from fresh produce. Ruminants, such as cattle, are a prominent reservoir of E. coli O157:H7 in the United States. California is one of the most agriculturally productive regions in the world for fresh produce, beef, and milk. The close proximity of fresh produce and cattle presents food safety challenges on a uniquely large scale. We performed a survey of E. coli O157:H7 on 20 farms in California to observe the regional diversity and prevalence of E. coli O157:H7. Isolates were obtained from enrichment cultures of cow feces. Some farms were sampled on two dates. Genomes from isolates were sequenced to determine their relatedness and pathogenic potential. E. coli O157:H7 was isolated from approximately half of the farms. The point prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 on farms was highly variable, ranging from zero to nearly 90%. Within farms, generally one or a few lineages were found, even when the rate of isolation was high. On farms with high isolation rates, a single clonal lineage accounted for most of the isolates. Farms that were visited months after the first visit might have had the same lineages of E. coli O157:H7. Strains of E. coli O157:H7 may be persistent for months on farms.IMPORTANCE This survey of 20 cow-calf operations from different regions of California provides an in depth look at resident Escherichia coli O157:H7 populations at the molecular level. E. coli O157:H7 is found to have a highly variable prevalence, and with whole-genome sequencing, high prevalences in herds were found to be due to a single lineage shed from multiple cows. Few repeat lineages were found between farms in this area; therefore, we predict that E. coli O157:H7 has significant diversity in this area beyond what is detected in this survey. All isolates from this study were found to have pathogenic potential based on the presence of key virulence gene sequences. This represents a novel insight into pathogen diversity within a single subtype and will inform future attempts to survey regional pathogen populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…The persistence of individual strains within a herd of beef cattle can be weeks to months, with considerable variation observed between previous studies (42)(43)(44)(45)(46). We sought to gain some insight into how the persistence of populations of E. coli O157:H7 might fluctuate over time in California cow-calf herds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Genomic Characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Cow-Calf Herds throughout California

Worley

Flores

Yang

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…According to the results obtained in this study, the possibility that an identical E. coli or enterococcus clone could be found among isolates from animals within the same farm and between different farms housing the same animal species is 3.4%, and the possibility that an identical E. coli or enterococcus clone can be found among isolates from animals from different farms housing different animal species is 2.0%, as described in RESULTS. Additionally, a study from England has demonstrated that the same E. coli O157 clones can be isolated from the same healthy animal over a period of at least 7 months (Liebana et al, 2005). This suggests that the clonal constitution in the intestines of animals is relatively stable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli and enterococci isolates from the feces of livestock and livestock farmers in Japan

Katsunuma¹,

Hanazumi²,

Fujisaki³

et al. 2008

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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“…coli O157 can persist for an extended period of time on a farm (19,21,28). It is less clear whether the cattle on the farm or the feedlot environment are the reservoir of persistent strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Emergence and Distribution of Escherichia coli O157 Genotypes in a Beef Feedlot

Sanderson

Sargeant

Shi

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence and longitudinal distribution of Escherichia coli O157 in feedlot cattle and the feedlot environment. Pen floors, water tanks, other cattle in the feedlot, feed, and bird feces were sampled for 2 weeks prior to entry of the study cattle. Twelve pens of study cattle were sampled twice weekly. At each sample time cattle feces, water from tanks in each pen, bunk feed, feed components, bird feces, and houseflies were collected. Bunk feed samples were collected before and after cattle had access to the feed. Overall, 28% of cattle fecal samples, 3.9% of bird fecal samples, 25% of water samples, 3.4% of housefly samples, 1.25% of bunk feed before calf access, and 3.25% of bunk feed samples after cattle had access to the feed were positive for E. coli O157. Genetic analysis of E. coli O157 isolates was done using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). PFGE types identified in sampling of the feedlot prior to calf entry were different than the majority of types identified following calf entry. A single strain type predominated in the samples collected after entry of the cattle. It was first identified 5 days after entry of the first pen of cattle and was subsequently identified in all pens. Data support that the incoming cattle introduced a new strain that became the predominant strain in the feedlot.Escherichia coli O157 is an important cause of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans (3, 7) and has been particularly associated with the consumption of ground beef. Research on Escherichia coli O157 has identified important aspects of preharvest ecology but has failed to identify validated critical control points for E. coli O157 in the feedlot. Individual cattle can be transiently colonized with E. coli O157 for 30 to 60 days (5, 12, 15, 16), but no persistent colonization has been shown. Prevalence in cattle has a seasonal distribution, being low in winter and higher in summer (12,15,16,29). Further, individual genotypes of O157 have been shown to persist on individual farms over time despite population turnover (19,22,25). The source of the bacteria that colonize cattle is unknown, but feed and water are commonly contaminated with coliforms (26), suggesting fecal contamination. E. coli O157 can survive for an extended period in bovine feces (13,17) and may serve as a source of contamination for feed or water. E. coli O157 is commonly found in water tanks and can persist for an extended period there (20), and it has also been commonly found in cattle feeds (9). Additionally, E. coli O157 has been identified in a wide range of other animals, including flies, birds, dogs, horses, and opossum (2,6,24,30,32), potentially providing opportunity for cattle exposure.The complex nature of E. coli O157 ecology in feedlots suggests that a reservoir other than cattle may be important in maintenance of E. coli O157. The feedlot environment, feed, water, or other animals may be an important source of outside exposure. The role of the environment in the ma...

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Persistence of Escherichia coli O157 Isolates on Bovine Farms in England and Wales

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Prevalence and Genomic Characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Cow-Calf Herds throughout California

Prevalence and Genomic Characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Cow-Calf Herds throughout California

Comparison of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli and enterococci isolates from the feces of livestock and livestock farmers in Japan

Longitudinal Emergence and Distribution of Escherichia coli O157 Genotypes in a Beef Feedlot

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