Persistence of Norovirus GII Genome in Drinking Water and Wastewater at Different Temperatures

Kauppinen, Ari; Miettinen, Ilkka T.

doi:10.3390/pathogens6040048

Cited by 45 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 45 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It is noteworthy that both human adeno-and noro-viruses were detected over several seasons within the same filter, highlighting their prolonged persistence in these systems. This result is in line with the previous reports which have demonstrated the long-term persistence of virus genomes in different water samples [33,34].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Efficiency of Private Household Sand Filters in Removing Nutrients and Microbes from Wastewater in Finland

Martikainen

Kauppinen

Matikka

et al. 2018

Water

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sand filters have been shown to be an economic and effective solution for wastewater treatment in private households, although the removal of phosphorus (P) may be insufficient. However, P removal can be improved by adding a P-adsorbing material, such as biotite, into the sand filters. The physico-chemical characteristics and the microbial quality of the effluents of family-scale sand filters without adsorbing media (SF), sand filters with a biotite layer (B), and sand filters with a modular filter (MB) were followed for one year. Sand filters with a biotite layer displayed the highest capacity to remove nitrogen (N) and biological oxygen demand BOD 7 . The efficiency of these filters did not depend on the age of the filter or the season. The P load of the effluent did not differ between sand filters with and without a biotite layer, but the modular sand filter failed to adequately reduce P. The treatment efficiency of sand filters without biotite decreased with increasing age. These private household sand filters can be a good way to treat domestic wastewaters, since these generally comply with the minimum requirements of a Finnish Decree (157/2017). However, enteric viruses (noroand adenoviruses) were commonly found in the effluents, and the numbers of Escherichia coli were often above 10 3 colony forming units (CFU) 100 mL −1 (limit for the the EU Bathing Water Directive 2006/7/EC) for good water quality), signifying a risk of microbial contamination of nearby drinking water wells, as well as bathing and irrigation waters.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Efficiency of Private Household Sand Filters in Removing Nutrients and Microbes from Wastewater in Finland

Martikainen

Kauppinen

Matikka

et al. 2018

Water

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This wide diversity can be generated by various mechanisms [61][62][63], which may lead to antigenic changes: Human-to-human or animal-to-human reassortments, interspecies transmission of rotavirus among multiple hosts, genetic drift, genetic recombination between different rotavirus strains, and inter-or intra-genic recombination. However, despite the wide antigenic and genomic variety of rotavirus, over the past three decades 90% of the strains identified in humans worldwide have presented the G1P [8], G2P [4], G3P [8], G4P [8], G9P [8], and G12P [8] genotypes, with different variations in geographic and temporal distribution [62,[64][65][66][67]. The sewage rotavirus strains characterized in the present study belong to the P [8] lineage III, a lineage different from the vaccine strains Rotarix (P [8] lineage I) and RotaTeq-WI79-4 (P [8] lineage II).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Norovirus is the leading cause of sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in children and adults [2,3], while rotavirus mainly causes disease in neonates and children under 5 years of age. Moreover, noroviruses show prolonged stability in environmental waters, resulting infectious in water for at least two months [4][5][6]. Worldwide, noroviruses are also the main cause of foodborne gastroenteritis outbreaks with an estimate of 120 million cases in 2010 [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, at least 36 G-genotypes and 51 P-genotypes have been identified among human and animal rotaviruses [14]. Viruses carrying G1P [8], G2P [4], G3P [8], and G4P [8] represent over 90% of human rotavirus strains co-circulating in most countries, although other G and P combinations like G9P [8] and G12P [8] are being isolated in increasing numbers [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Epidemiological Surveillance of Norovirus and Rotavirus in Sewage (2016–2017) in Valencia (Spain)

Santiso-Bellón,

Randazzo,

Pérez-Cataluña

et al. 2020

Microorganisms

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of the present study was to perform the molecular epidemiology of rotaviruses and noroviruses detected in sewage samples from a large wastewater facility from the city of Valencia, Spain. A total of 46 sewage samples were collected over a one-year period (September 2016 to September 2017). Norovirus and rotavirus were detected and quantified by RT-qPCR, genotyped by semi-nested RT-PCR and further characterized by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Noroviruses and rotaviruses were widely distributed in sewage samples (69.6% for norovirus GI, 76.0% norovirus GII, and 71.7% rotaviruses) and viral loads varied from 4.33 to 5.75 log PCRU/L for norovirus GI, 4.69 to 6.95 log PCRU/L for norovirus GII, and 4.08 to 6.92 log PCRU/L for rotavirus. Overall, 87.5% (28/32) of GI noroviruses could not be genotyped, 6.25% (2/32) of the samples contained GI.2 genotype, and another 6.25% (2/32) were positive for GI.4 genotype. The most common genotype of GII noroviruses was GII.2 (40%, 14/35), followed by GII.6 (8.6%, 3/35) and GII.17 (5.7%, 2/35) while the remaining GII strains could not be typed (45.7%, 16/35). Rotavirus VP4 genotype P[8] was the only one found in 19 out of 33 rotavirus-positive samples (57.7%). G2 was the most prevalent rotavirus VP7 genotype (15.2%, 5/33) followed by G3, G9, and G12, with two positive samples for each genotype (6.1%, 2/33). In one sample both G1 and G2 genotypes were detected simultaneously (3%). The results presented here show that the surveillance of noroviruses and rotaviruses in sewage is useful for the study of their transmission in the population and their molecular epidemiology.

show abstract

“…These particles are present in sewage, and discharged from wastewater treatment plants, especially following heavy rainfall and overflows [6]. They are highly resistant in the environment, where they can persist for weeks [7]. Their presence in coastal waters can result in the contamination of filter-feeding bivalve molluscan shellfish [8], especially oysters which express a NoV-specific ligand [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Targeted Metagenomics Approach to Study the Diversity of Norovirus GII in Shellfish Implicated in Outbreaks

Desdouits

Wacrenier

Ollivier

et al. 2020

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human noroviruses (NoV) cause epidemics of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide and can be transmitted through consumption of contaminated foods. Fresh products such as shellfish can be contaminated by human sewage during production, which results in the presence of multiple virus strains, at very low concentrations. Here, we tested a targeted metagenomics approach by deep-sequencing PCR amplicons of the capsid (VP1) and polymerase (RdRp) viral genes, on a set of artificial samples and on shellfish samples associated to AGE outbreaks, to evaluate its advantages and limitations in the identification of strains from the NoV genogroup (G) II. Using artificial samples, the method allowed the sequencing of most strains, but not all, and displayed variability between replicates especially with lower viral concentrations. Using shellfish samples, targeted metagenomics was compared to Sanger-sequencing of cloned amplicons and was able to identify a higher diversity of NoV GII and GIV strains. It allowed phylogenetic analyses of VP1 sequences and the identification, in most samples, of GII.17[P17] strains, also identified in related clinical samples. Despite several limitations, combining RdRp- and VP1-targeted metagenomics is a sensitive approach allowing the study NoV diversity in low-contaminated foods and the identification of NoV strains implicated in outbreaks.

show abstract

Persistence of Norovirus GII Genome in Drinking Water and Wastewater at Different Temperatures

Cited by 45 publications

References 45 publications

Efficiency of Private Household Sand Filters in Removing Nutrients and Microbes from Wastewater in Finland

Efficiency of Private Household Sand Filters in Removing Nutrients and Microbes from Wastewater in Finland

Epidemiological Surveillance of Norovirus and Rotavirus in Sewage (2016–2017) in Valencia (Spain)

A Targeted Metagenomics Approach to Study the Diversity of Norovirus GII in Shellfish Implicated in Outbreaks

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About