Persistence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) in Ya-Er Lake area, China

Wu, Wenbo; Xu, Ying; Schramm, Karl‐Werner; Kettrup, A.

doi:10.1016/s0160-4120(01)00007-1

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The PCDD/F concentrations of most of the samples were lower than 100 pg I-TEQ g À1 , which is quite close to values for lightly polluted rivers and bays in other countries, e.g., the Tama River, Tokyo Bay, and Osaka Bay in Japan (Onodera et al, 1999;Hosomi et al, 2003;Takigami et al, 2005); the Lower Great Lakes, North America (Marvin et al, 2002); and the Po River and Venice Lagoon, Italy (Frignani et al, 2001;Fattore et al, 2002). Wu et al (2001b) showed that PCDD/Fs, other than hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), were prominent pollutants in some areas of the Yangtze River after production of HCH was banned in the late 1990s. Ya-Er Lake, located along the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River, had PCDD/F levels in the range 0.11-0.43 pg I-TEQ l À1 .…”

Section: Pcdd/f Levels In Environmental Samplessupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Multilayer silica column purification was commonly adopted, but the composition and structure of the column varied between different researchers (Luksemburg et al, 1996;Zheng et al, 1997;Wu et al, 2001a;Chen et al, 2003b;Hu et al, 2005). Water samples were enriched by XAD (Suplco Company), then freeze-dried and extracted by Soxhletapparatus (Wu et al, 2001b). Air sampling of PCDD/Fs was conducted by semi-volatile samplers (Model GPS-1, Graseby Andersen, USA) and a precleaned PUF plug (6 cm diameter, 7.5 cm length).…”

Section: Pcdd/f Samples Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in China and chemometric analysis of potential emission sources

Zhu¹,

Hirai²,

Yu³

et al. 2008

Chemosphere

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Aimed to give a preliminary image of dioxin pollution in China, chemometric analysis was performed to determine background dioxin levels during the period 1994-2002 and potential emission sources. Using principal components analysis (PCA), the congener profiles of 71 sediment samples from rivers, lakes, and sea bays around China were compared with the congener profiles of various known or suspected industrial, residential, and municipal dioxin sources to determine whether the dioxin residues typically found in a broad range of potential environmental sources could explain the presence of these chemicals in China. It was found that the background dioxin levels of China were similar to those of lightly polluted samples from other countries during the period 1994-2002. Primary ferrous ore sintering and secondary lead and aluminum smelters were the major sources of dioxin emission in China. Chloranil and wastewater from chemical plants, sodium pentachlorophenate, and pulp bleaching were also important sources of dioxin emission. Open burning of e-waste as well as diesel-fueled and leaded gas-fueled vehicles were additional possible sources of dioxin. In contrast to other countries, in China, flue gases from incineration of municipal waste, hazardous waste, and medical waste might be minor sources of dioxin emission.

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Section: Pcdd/f Levels In Environmental Samplessupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Pcdd/f Samples Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in China and chemometric analysis of potential emission sources

Zhu¹,

Hirai²,

Yu³

et al. 2008

Chemosphere

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“…The total TEQs in hair and ash samples reported by this study were relatively high (21.0 and 5858.33 pg WHO-TEQ/g, respectively), suggesting that e-waste processing activities release a significant amount of dioxins. Hair collected from residents living close to Ya-Er Lake contained concentrations that were 25 times lower than TZ hair (66). However, human milk collected from Ya-Er Lake revealed higher levels than those from TZ (59).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Body Loadings and Health Risk Assessment of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans at an Intensive Electronic Waste Recycling Site in China

Chan

Xing

et al. 2007

Environ. Sci. Technol.

188

106

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This study is one of the very few investigating the dioxin body burden of a group of child-bearing-aged women at an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling site (Taizhou, Zhejiang Province) (24 ( 2.83 years of age, 40% were primiparae) and a reference site (Lin'an city, Zhejiang Province, about 245 km away from Taizhou) (24 ( 2.35 years of age, 100% were primiparae) in China. Five sets of samples (each set consisted of human milk, placenta, and hair) were collected from each site. Body burdens of people from the e-waste processing site (human milk, 21.02 ( 13.81 pg WHO-TEQ 1998 /g fat (World Health Organization toxic equivalency 1998); placenta, 31.15 ( 15.67 pg WHO-TEQ 1998 /g fat; hair, 33.82 ( 17.74 pg WHO-TEQ 1998 /g dry wt) showed significantly higher levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/ Fs) than those from the reference site (human milk, 9.35 ( 7.39 pg WHO-TEQ 1998 /g fat; placenta, 11.91 ( 7.05 pg WHO-TEQ 1998 /g fat; hair, 5.59 ( 4.36 pg WHO-TEQ 1998 /g dry wt) and were comparatively higher than other studies. The difference between the two sites was due to e-waste recycling operations, for example, open burning, which led to high background levels. Moreover, mothers from the e-waste recycling site consumed more foods of animal origin. The estimated daily intake of PCDD/Fs within 6 months by breastfed infants from the e-waste processing site was 2 times higher than that from the reference site. Both values exceeded the WHO tolerable daily intake for adults by at least 25 and 11 times, respectively. Our results implicated that e-waste recycling operations cause prominent PCDD/F levels in the environment and in humans. The elevated body burden may have health implications for the next generation.

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“…There were no apparent differences between field blanks and laboratory blanks. The recoveries for 13 C-OCDD were 34%92%. The recoveries for other 13 C labeled PCDD/ Fs were 42%136%.…”

Section: Quality Assurance and Quality Controlmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The recoveries for 13 C-OCDD were 34%92%. The recoveries for other 13 C labeled PCDD/ Fs were 42%136%. All the sample recoveries met the limits of US EPA method 1613.…”

Section: Quality Assurance and Quality Controlmentioning

confidence: 92%

Concentrations and gas-particle partitioning of PCDD/Fs in the urban air of Dalian, China

et al. 2012

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, with an average of 10249 fg m 3 . The international toxic equivalents (I-TEQ) value of that was 61.81182 fg m 3 , with an average of 235 fg m 3 , which was comparable to those in the other urban locations around the world. It was found that the Cl 48 DD/Fs appeared to be present mainly in the particle phase during winter, spring and autumn, while during summer which were dominantly in gas phase. The ratio of Cl 48 DD/Fs present in particle phase increased with the increasing level of chlorination. The concentrations of PCDFs and PCDDs decreased with the increase of chlorinated level, while the concentrations of 2,3,7,8-PCDDs congeners increased with the increase of chlorination level. The homolog profiles of the concentrations of PCDFs presented were higher than those of the PCDDs, which indicated the PCDD/Fs pollution source of the air in Dalian was characteristic for thermal source pollution. The correlation analysis of meteorological parameters with the concentrations of Cl 48 CDD/Fs was conducted using SPSS packages, and it was found that the ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure were important factors influence the concentration of PCDD/Fs in the air. The respiratory risk and intake dioxins of the residents around the sampling sites were studied in the paper. It was found that Junge-Pankow model was much more accurate in predicting the gas-particle partitioning behavior of PCDD/Fs homologues during winter, while the Harner-Bidleman model shows better agreement with the measured data during winter and summer.PCDD/Fs, urban air, gas-particle partitioning, Dalian

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Persistence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) in Ya-Er Lake area, China

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in China and chemometric analysis of potential emission sources

Levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in China and chemometric analysis of potential emission sources

Body Loadings and Health Risk Assessment of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans at an Intensive Electronic Waste Recycling Site in China

Concentrations and gas-particle partitioning of PCDD/Fs in the urban air of Dalian, China

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