Persistence of Propanil, DCA, and TCAB in Soil and Water Under Flooded Rice Culture

Deuel, Lloyd E.; Brown, K. W.; Turner, F. C.; Westfall, D. G.; Price, J. D.

doi:10.2134/jeq1977.00472425000600020005x

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Several surface water monitoring programmes have been carried out to quantify the degree of contamination by pesticides (Kammerbauer & Moncada, 1998;Huber et al, 2000;Kolpin et al, 2000;Bouman et al, 2002;Cerejeira et al, 2003;Martínez et al, 2003). Rice crop conducted under flooded conditions is pointed out as being an activity of high pollution potential (FEPAM, 2004). The factors that contribute to this claim are the large amount of water used to maintain the flood (Machado et al, 2006), the usual proximity of the fields to surface water bodies, the predominant shallow aquifer in these areas, and the intentional and unintentional release of water from the field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Propanil is weakly adsorbed by the soil, is moderately mobile in sandy soils and of low mobility in clayey soils, with half-life of 1 to 3 days (Vencill, 2002). Studies on the persistence of propanil in irrigated rice conditions showed that its dissipation occurs within 24 hours and that the amount of dissipated propanil corresponds to the concentration of 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA), indicating biological degradation of propanil to DCA (Deul et al, 1977). Quinclorac has variable mobility depending on soil type and organic matter and it can persist in the soil for one year affecting susceptible crops in rotation programs (Vencill, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rice herbicide monitoring in two Brazilian rivers during the rice growing season

Marchesan

Zanella

Avila

et al. 2007

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Irrigated rice production can involve environmental contamination with pesticides due to the proximity of the fields to rivers and to management problems. During three years (2000 to 2003) the rice herbicides clomazone, propanil and quinclorac were quantified in water during the rice growing season, in the Vacacaí and Vacacaí-Mirim Rivers, located in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) State, Brazil. Water samples were taken at several locations in each river, selected by their importance in terms of rice drainage area. The samples were analyzed by HPLC-UV. At least one herbicide was detected in 41% of the samples from the Vacacaí River and 33% from the Vacacaí-Mirim River. The most frequent herbicide in both rivers and in each year was clomazone. The amount of herbicides in the river water was dependent on the rainfall regime. River water contamination by rice herbicides is probably caused by the rice water management used in the fields. The maintenance of flooded areas makes herbicides prone to contaminate the environment. To reduce the environmental contamination risk it is necessary to adopt measures to avoid overflow of flooded rice fields, keeping paddy water in the field for time enough to reduce the herbicide concentration before its release and enhancing the quality of the levees to reduce the probability of paddy rice overflow. Key words: clomazone, environmental impact, pesticides, propanil, quinclorac MONITORAMENTO DE HERBICIDAS EM DOIS RIOS BRASILEIROS DURANTE O PERÍODO DE CULTIVO DO ARROZRESUMO: No cultivo de arroz irrigado a possibilidade de contaminação dos mananciais hídricos é ampliada pelas características peculiares das áreas e do sistema de produção. Um estudo de monitoramento foi conduzido durante três anos (2000 a 2003), nos rios Vacacaí e Vacacaí-Mirim, localizados no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, buscando quantificar os herbicidas clomazone, propanil e quinclorac durante o período de cultivo do arroz. As amostras de água foram coletadas em vários locais em cada rio. Os locais de coleta foram selecionados pela importância em termos da captação da água de drenagem. As amostras foram analisadas por HPLC-UV. Herbicidas foram detectados nas águas dos rios durante no período de cultivo do arroz. Foi detectada a presença de pelo menos um herbicida em 41% das amostras no rio Vacacaí e 33% das amostras no rio Vacacaí-Mirim. O herbicida clomazone, foi detectado com maior freqüência nos dois rios. A quantidade de herbicida nas águas dos rios foi dependente do regime de chuva. A contaminação das águas dos rios pelos herbicidas utilizados no arroz provavelemente é decorrente do manejo de água adotado na região. A manutenção de áreas inundadas propicia a contaminação do ambiente por herbicidas. Para reduzir o risco de contaminação ambiental faz-se necessário à adoção de medidas que evitem a saída e liberação da água com resíduo das áreas de cultivo, mantendo-a na lavoura durante o tempo suficente para a redução da concentração do herbicida. A probabilidade de extravasamento pode ser reduzida com a...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice herbicide monitoring in two Brazilian rivers during the rice growing season

Marchesan

Zanella

Avila

et al. 2007

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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“…Pothuluri et al (1991) detailed the toxicology, metabolism, and fate of propanil in soil and water. Others researchers documented that propanil forms 3,4 DCA through enzymatic cleaving in plants (Adachi et al, 1966; Frear and Still, 1968), paddy field flooding waters (Deuel et al, 1977), and soils (Bartha, 1968; Bartha and Pramer, 1967; Bartha et al, 1968). A number of microorganisms, such as Pseudomonas spp., Fusarium solani , Athrobacter spp., Nocardia spp., and Consortia spp., have been shown to degrade propanil by microbial peroxidizes (Pothuluri et al, 1991) to the by‐product 3,3′,4,4′ tetrachloroazobenzene (TCAB) (Carey et al, 1980; Chisaka and Kearney, 1970; Pothuluri et al, 1991; Sprott and Corke, 1971).…”

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confidence: 99%

Dissipation of Propanil and 3,4 Dichloroaniline in Three Different Rice Management Systems

et al. 2012

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This study focused on the dissipation of propanil and 3,4 dichloroaniline (3,4 DCA) over time in the soil, field water, inlet water, and outlet water of paddy fields under three management systems: conventional water seeding (CON), conventional water seeding with supplied liquid manure (LMA), and dry seeding (DRY). Propanil dissipation in water was also investigated under laboratory conditions. The field study was conducted from 2004 to 2006 at Vercelli, northern Italy. Propanil and 3,4 DCA showed rapid dissipation in water and soil environments both in the field and in the laboratory. Under controlled conditions, chemical hydrolysis was not detected for either compounds for up to 100 d at pHs of 5, 7, and 9. In the laboratory, the half-life of propanil in irrigation water was 1.1 d; its half-life in soil was routinely measured at <1.0 d (between 0.17 and 1.77 d). 3,4 DCA was found to persist much longer. Measured in all three study years at 50 d after treatment, its concentration ranged between 44 μg kg (CON) and 140 μg kg (DRY). Propanil and 3,4 DCA concentrations in paddy water were particularly high in samples collected at 4 d (2004) and 2 d (2005) after treatment. Maximum concentrations were 54.4 μg L (CON) for propanil (2005) and 113.7 μg L (LMA) for 3,4 DCA (2004). The concentrations of propanil and 3,4 DCA in inlet water were never above 1.1 and 0.3 μg L, respectively, whereas the highest concentration of each compound in outlet water was in samples collected first after treatment in 2005 and 2006. Both chemicals dissipated rapidly in all the soil-water environments but displayed no important differences among the three management systems. In conclusion, propanil and 3,4 DCA did not persist longer in paddy fields. A risk of water network contamination by these compounds may occur only early after herbicide spraying. A water-holding period after herbicide spraying may reduce this risk.

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“…The 3,4-DCA is detected up until the second week after the application of propanil and on the 14 th day after the application the presence of 3,4-DCA was still detected at a concentration of 1.6 µg L -1 . Studies on the persistence of propanil in irrigated rice conditions conducted by Deul et al (1977) showed that its dissipation occurs within 24 hours and that the amount of dissipated propanil corresponds to the concentration of 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA), indicating biological degradation of propanil to DCA.…”

Section: Wwwintechopencommentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicides Persistence in Rice Paddy Water in Southern Brazil

Zanella¹,

Adaime²,

Peixoto³

et al. 2011

Herbicides - Mechanisms and Mode of Action

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Persistence of Propanil, DCA, and TCAB in Soil and Water Under Flooded Rice Culture

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Rice herbicide monitoring in two Brazilian rivers during the rice growing season

Rice herbicide monitoring in two Brazilian rivers during the rice growing season

Dissipation of Propanil and 3,4 Dichloroaniline in Three Different Rice Management Systems

Herbicides Persistence in Rice Paddy Water in Southern Brazil

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