Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies longer than 13 months in naturally-infected, captive white-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>), Texas

Hamer, Sarah A.; Nunez, Chase M; Roundy, Christopher M.; Tang, Wendy; Thomas, Logan F; Richison, Jack J; Benn, Jamie S; Auckland, Lisa D.; Hensley, Terry; Cook, Walter E.; Pauvolid‐Corrêa, Alex; Hamer, Gabriel L.

doi:10.1101/2022.07.19.500662

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Pairwise comparisons using the Wilcoxon rank sum test with Bonferroni adjustment showed that PRNT titres from the frst and third sampling dates are signifcantly higher than from the last sampling date (Figure 4). Tat neutralizing antibodies in animals over a time period of 13 months wane but persist has been shown in [30] and match our fndings. It is interesting to note that more negative results in the last sample collection time point (D) were consistently observed in all N-based assays (Figure 3).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The Luciferase Immunoprecipitation System (LIPS) Targeting the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Is More Accurate than Nucleoprotein-Based LIPS and ELISAs for Mink Serology

Auer

Bortolami

Berguido

et al. 2023

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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Since anthropo-zoonotic outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 have been reported in mink farms, it is important to monitor the seroprevalence within this population. To investigate the accuracy of nucleo (N) or spike (S) protein-based assays to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in animal serum, we compared four assays, two commercial N-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) validated for animal sera and two luciferase immunoprecipitation systems (LIPS-N and LIPS-S), to the reference standard plaque reduction neutralisation test (PRNT). Samples included in this study were derived from a naturally infected mink population. For the first time in this study, serum samples of mink were collected over a 307-day period, at different time points, thus providing an overview of performances of four different rapid serological tests over time. The assays were compared by performing a correlation analysis using R2, Spearman’s rank-order correlation coefficient, and Fleiss’ and Cohen’s kappa for analysis of agreement to PRNT, and an UpSet chart was created to visualize the number of shared positive samples between assays. Cohen’s kappa test on categorical data showed an excellent agreement between PRNT and LIPS-S, while agreements between PRNT and N-based methods decreased from fair for LIPS-N to poor agreements for the ELISA kits. In addition, LIPS-S revealed the highest number of true-positive SARS-CoV-2 samples compared to N-based methods. Despite an excellent agreement between LIPS-S and PRNT, a weak correlation was detectable between PRNT titres and relative light units. This study shows that the LIPS-S assay can be used for serological surveillance within a naturally exposed mink population, while N-based serological assays are less accurate providing a higher number of false-negative results, especially at a later stage of infection, thus indicating that N antibodies are less persistent in naturally exposed mink. Our findings provide crucial information for veterinarians and competent authorities involved in surveillance and outbreak investigation in wild and farmed minks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The Luciferase Immunoprecipitation System (LIPS) Targeting the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Is More Accurate than Nucleoprotein-Based LIPS and ELISAs for Mink Serology

Auer

Bortolami

Berguido

et al. 2023

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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“…In humans, antibody levels are thought to be fairly stable for several months [26][27][28] and in white-tailed deer neutralizing antibodies are measurable for more than a year [29]. However, it is not known how long antibodies persist in ferrets.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

No indication for SARS-CoV-2 transmission to pet ferrets, in five cities in Poland, 2021 - antibody testing among ferrets living with owners infected with SARS-CoV-2 or free of infection

et al. 2023

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in China by the end of 2019 and was responsible for a pandemic in the human population that resulted in millions of deaths worldwide. Since the beginning of the pandemic, the role of animals as spill-over or reservoir hosts was discussed. In addition to cats and dogs, ferrets are becoming increasingly popular as companion animals. Under experimental conditions, ferrets are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 and it appears that they can also be infected through contact with a SARS-CoV-2 positive owner. However, there is still little information available regarding these natural infections. Here, we serologically tested samples collected from pet ferrets (n = 45) from Poland between June and September 2021. Of the ferrets that were included in the study, 29% (13/45) had contact with owners with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections. Nevertheless, SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies could not be detected in any of the animals, independent of the infection status of the owner. The obtained results suggest that ferrets cannot be readily infected with SARS-CoV-2 under natural conditions, even after prolonged contact with infected humans. However, due to the rapid mutation rate of this virus, it is important to include ferrets in future monitoring studies.

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“…Experimental infection studies demonstrated the susceptibility of WTD to SARS-CoV-2 infection, shedding of live virus primarily through oral/nasal secretions, deer-to deer transmission, and the persistence of neutralizing antibodies for up to several weeks following infection [14,15]. A later study revealed that WTD can maintain antibodies for at least 13 months [16]. Deer-to-deer transmission may occur within wild populations beyond the initial introduction period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Epidemiological Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in White-tailed Deer

Hewitt

Wilson-Henjum

Collins

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Understanding pathogen emergence in new host species is fundamental for developing prevention and response plans for human and animal health. We leveraged a large-scale surveillance dataset coordinated by United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and state natural resources agencies to quantify infection of SARS-CoV-2 in North American white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus; WTD) using a hierarchical epidemiological model in the eastern half of the United States. Our model found that male deer had higher positivity than female deer, and positivity was higher in counties with higher human population density or deer habitat. Estimated SARS-CoV-2 local epidemiological reproduction numbers were between 1 and 2.5 in most well-sampled counties, with local epidemics in WTD peaking earlier in the northeast and mid-Atlantic relative to the Midwest and Southeast. Similar peak infection prevalence times across many counties provided indirect evidence for widespread transmission via human-to-deer spillover, while the widespread high estimates of local epidemiological reproduction number suggested that sustained deer-to-deer transmission is also probable. The model estimated 10% of infected WTD were infected due to human infection pressure.

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Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies longer than 13 months in naturally-infected, captive white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), Texas

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

The Luciferase Immunoprecipitation System (LIPS) Targeting the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Is More Accurate than Nucleoprotein-Based LIPS and ELISAs for Mink Serology

The Luciferase Immunoprecipitation System (LIPS) Targeting the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Is More Accurate than Nucleoprotein-Based LIPS and ELISAs for Mink Serology

No indication for SARS-CoV-2 transmission to pet ferrets, in five cities in Poland, 2021 - antibody testing among ferrets living with owners infected with SARS-CoV-2 or free of infection

Epidemiological Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in White-tailed Deer

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