Persistence of the 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus on N95 Respirators

Coulliette, Angela D.; Perry, Kim; Edwards, Jonathan R.; Noble-Wang, Judith

doi:10.1128/aem.03850-12

Cited by 58 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…5 Bacteriophage $ 6 was inactivated somewhat more rapidly than H1N1 influenza on N95 surfaces at 60% RH (possibly as a result of the matrix used), and a similar trend of greater inactivation was observed at higher humidity levels. 6 The results are similar to those found for transmissible gastroenteritis virus, a member of the coronavirus family, on respirator surfaces. 7 This suggests that bacteriophage $ 6 is a potential surrogate for studies of human respiratory viruses on personal protective equipment.…”

supporting

confidence: 80%

Survival of a Surrogate Virus on N95 Respirator Material

Casanova

Waka

2013

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.

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supporting

confidence: 80%

Survival of a Surrogate Virus on N95 Respirator Material

Casanova

Waka

2013

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.

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“…For example, it has previously been demonstrated that there is an increased persistence of influenza A virus in the presence of mucus (25,26). However, in our study, the sample matrix (e.g., viral medium, FBS, mucin) did not influence influenza A virus persistence, which was also demonstrated by Coulliette et al (22). It is important to note that the source of mucus for all three studies was different and data are not available to explain how this may impact virus persistence.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

“…These combined parameters have not been previously investigated using a tissue culture-based ELISA. Although the two strains chosen for use in this study no longer circulate in humans, they act as a surrogate for the pandemic strain, which has been shown to have survival characteristics similar to those of the strains used in this study (22). Previous studies of virus persistence on environmental surfaces have found that various strains of influenza A (H1N1) virus remain infectious on stainless steel surfaces for approximately 24 h but no longer than 72 h (15)(16)(17)(18)(19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistence of Influenza A (H1N1) Virus on Stainless Steel Surfaces

Perry

Coulliette

Rose

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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As annual influenza epidemics continue to cause significant morbidity and economic burden, an understanding of viral persistence and transmission is critical for public health officials and health care workers to better protect patients and their family members from infection. The infectivity and persistence of two influenza A (H1N1) virus strains (A/New Caledonia/20/1999 and A/Brisbane/59/2007) on stainless steel (SS) surfaces were evaluated using three different surface matrices (2% fetal bovine serum, 5 mg/ml mucin, and viral medium) under various absolute humidity conditions (4.1 ؋ 10 5 mPa, 6.5 ؋ 10 5 mPa, 7.1 ؋ 10 5 mPa, 11.4 ؋ 10 5 mPa, 11.2 ؋ 10 5 mPa, and 17.9 ؋ 10 5 mPa) for up to 7 days. Influenza A virus was deposited onto SS coupons (7.07 cm 2 ) and recovered by agitation and sonication in viral medium. Viral persistence was quantified using a tissue culturebased enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the median (50%) tissue culture infective dose (TCID 50 ) of infectious virus per coupon. Overall, both strains of influenza A virus remained infectious on SS coupons, with an approximate 2 log 10 loss over 7 days. Factors that influenced viral persistence included absolute humidity, strain-absolute humidity interaction, and time (P < 0.01). Further studies on the transfer of influenza A virus from fomites by hand and the impact of inanimate surface contamination on transmission should be performed, as this study demonstrates prolonged persistence on nonporous surfaces. IMPORTANCEThis study tested the ability of two influenza A (H1N1) virus strains to persist and remain infectious on stainless steel surfaces under various environmental conditions. It demonstrated that influenza A (H1N1) viruses can persist and remain infectious on stainless steel surfaces for 7 days. Additional studies should be conducted to assess the role played by contaminated surfaces in the transmission of influenza A virus.

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“…However, some studies have tested more than one strain of influenza, highlighting considerable strain variation. 18,35,39,42 Further work is necessary to evaluate the importance of strain variation in influenza and coronavirus survival.…”

Section: Survival On Dry Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of SARS and MERS coronaviruses and influenza virus in healthcare settings: the possible role of dry surface contamination

Otter

Donskey²,

Yezli³

et al. 2016

Journal of Hospital Infection

728

623

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Viruses with pandemic potential including H1N1, H5N1, and H5N7 influenza viruses, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)/Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronaviruses (CoV) have emerged in recent years. SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and influenza virus can survive on surfaces for extended periods, sometimes up to months. Factors influencing the survival of these viruses on surfaces include: strain variation, titre, surface type, suspending medium, mode of deposition, temperature and relative humidity, and the method used to determine the viability of the virus. Environmental sampling has identified contamination in field-settings with SARS-CoV and influenza virus, although the frequent use of molecular detection methods may not necessarily represent the presence of viable virus. The importance of indirect contact transmission (involving contamination of inanimate surfaces) is uncertain compared with other transmission routes, principally direct contact transmission (independent of surface contamination), droplet, and airborne routes. However, influenza virus and SARS-CoV may be shed into the environment and be transferred from environmental surfaces to hands of patients and healthcare providers. Emerging data suggest that MERS-CoV also shares these properties. Once contaminated from the environment, hands can then initiate self-inoculation of mucous membranes of the nose, eyes or mouth. Mathematical and animal models, and intervention studies suggest that contact transmission is the most important route in some scenarios. Infection prevention and control implications include the need for hand hygiene and personal protective equipment to minimize self-contamination and to protect against inoculation of mucosal surfaces and the respiratory tract, and enhanced surface cleaning and disinfection in healthcare settings.

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Persistence of the 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus on N95 Respirators

Cited by 58 publications

References 27 publications

Survival of a Surrogate Virus on N95 Respirator Material

Survival of a Surrogate Virus on N95 Respirator Material

Persistence of Influenza A (H1N1) Virus on Stainless Steel Surfaces

Transmission of SARS and MERS coronaviruses and influenza virus in healthcare settings: the possible role of dry surface contamination

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