Persistence, sorption, and forced degradation of imidacloprid in environmental matrix

Kumar, Jitesh; Kaur, Paramjeet; Sud, Dhiraj; Saini, Anju; Bansal, Poonam

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2022.11.502

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Nontarget wildlife may be exposed to neonicotinoids in part due to their water solubility, which allows the pesticides to spread through the environment carried by precipitation or irrigation systems (Botías et al, 2016). Neonicotinoids like imidacloprid can then accumulate in nontarget media, persisting in water for >100 days (Kumar et al, 2023; Wintermantel et al, 2020), and expose organisms that use the contaminated media. These transport mechanisms near treated crops drive the intra‐annual variation in neonicotinoid concentrations in off‐crop media (Woodcock et al, 2018) and are likely important factors behind the variation in concentrations observed in nontarget media before and after the bloom drop and in reference sites in our study area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Following Regulation, Imidacloprid Persists and Flupyradifurone Increases in Nontarget Wildlife

English,

Bishop,

Bieber

et al. 2024

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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After regulation of pesticides, determination of their persistence in the environment is an important indicator of effectiveness of these measures. We quantified concentrations of two types of systemic insecticides, neonicotinoids (imidacloprid, acetamiprid, clothianidin, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam) and butenolides (flupyradifurone), in off‐crop nontarget media of hummingbird cloacal fluid, honey bee (Apis mellifera) nectar and honey, and wildflowers before and after regulation of imidacloprid on highbush blueberries in Canada in April 2021. We found that mean total pesticide load increased in hummingbird cloacal fluid, nectar, and flower samples following imidacloprid regulation. On average, we did not find evidence of a decrease in imidacloprid concentrations after regulation. However, there were some decreases, some increases, and other cases with no changes in imidacloprid levels depending on the specific media, time point of sampling, and site type. At the same time, we found an overall increase in flupyradifurone, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, and thiacloprid but no change in clothianidin concentrations. In particular, flupyradifurone concentrations observed in biota sampled near agricultural areas increased twofold in honey bee nectar, sevenfold in hummingbird cloacal fluid, and eightfold in flowers after the 2021 imidacloprid regulation. The highest residue detected was flupyradifurone at 665 ng/mL (parts per billion [ppb]) in honey bee nectar. Mean total pesticide loads were highest in honey samples (84 ± 10 ppb), followed by nectar (56 ± 7 ppb), then hummingbird cloacal fluid (1.8 ± 0.5 ppb), and least, flowers (0.51 ± 0.06 ppb). Our results highlight that limited regulation of imidacloprid does not immediately reduce residue concentrations, while other systemic insecticides, possibly replacement compounds, concurrently increase in wildlife. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1–12. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

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