Persistent blood pressure increase induced by heavy smoking

Groppelli, Antonella; Giorgi, Dante Marcelo Artigas; Omboni, Stefano; Parati, Gianfranco; Mancia, Giuseppe

doi:10.1097/00004872-199205000-00014

Cited by 279 publications

(161 citation statements)

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“…The association between smoking and elevated TER alb in our NIDDM patients has also been demonstrated in non-diabetic subjects [52]. Several factors may contribute such as carbon monoxide [53], nicotine [54], and acute intermittent blood pressure elevation in association with smoking [55].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Macro-microangiopathy and endothelial dysfunction in NIDDM patients with and without diabetic nephropathy

et al. 1996

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Insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients with incipient and overt diabetic nephropathy are characterized by a higher incidence and prevalence of retinopathy and cardiovascular diseases than normoalbuminuric IDDM patients [1,2]. The relative cardiovascular mortality is approximately 40 times higher in diabetic nephropathy as compared to the age-matched population [1]. Furthermore, the prevalence of

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Macro-microangiopathy and endothelial dysfunction in NIDDM patients with and without diabetic nephropathy

et al. 1996

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“…Experimental studies in men and animals have shown that smoking or nicotine administration produces small acute increases in blood pressure and heart rate, presumably due to release of catecholamines (United States Department of Health and Education and Welfare; Public Health Service 1979). This acute blood pressure increase has been attributed to smoking-induced vasoconstriction and accelerated heart rate (Aronow et al 1971;Cellina et al 1975;Cryer et al 1976;Benowitz et al 1982;Benowitz et al 1984;De Cesaris et al 1991;De Cesaris et al 1992;Groppelli et al 1992). Moreover, Istvan et al (1999) reported that the level of salivary cotinine, a nicotine metabolite, was positively correlated with blood pressure in long-term smokers, suggesting that long-term nicotine exposure might be related to modest elevations in blood pressure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking as an Independent Risk Factor for Hypertension: A 14-Year Longitudinal Study in Male Japanese Workers

Dochi

Sakata

Oishi

et al. 2009

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…The non-modifiable factors include age (Yamaguchi et al, 2005) and sex (with women generally having higher resting HR when compared with men) (Stolarz et al, 2003). The modifiable (physiologic) factors include (i) circadian rhythm (HR is usually lower during sleep) (Ben-Dov et al, 2007); (ii) BP (HR is positively associated with BP) (Zhang & Kesteloot, 1999); (iii) physical activity (training reduces the resting HR (Borresen & Lambert, 2008); (iv) mental stress (increases catecholamines, and hence HR and BP) (Carter & Ray, 2009); (v) smoking (increases HR and BP) (Groppelli et al, 1992); (vi) alcohol consumption (increases HR) (Kloner & Rezkalla, 2007) and (vii) excess body weight, (increases HR) (S. Julius et al, 2000). The importance of the resting HR as a prognostic factor and potential therapeutic target is not yet generally accepted, even though recent large epidemiologic studies have confirmed earlier studies that showed resting HR to be an independent predictor of CV and all-cause mortality in men and women with and without diagnosed CVD.…”

Section: Heart Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Tulbaghia violacea on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats

Raji

Mugabo

Obikeze

2012

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Effect of Tulbaghia violacea on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats I. A. RAJITulbaghia violacea Harv. (Alliaceae) is a small bulbous herb which belongs to the family, Alliaceae, most commonly associated with onions and garlic. In South Africa (SA), this herb has been traditionally used in the treatment of various ailments, including fever, colds, asthma, paralysis, hypertension (HTN) and stomach problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of methanol leaf extracts (MLE) of T. violacea on the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in anaesthetized male spontaneously hypertensive rats; and to find out the mechanism(s) by which it acts.The MLE of T. violacea (5 -150 mg/kg), angiotensin I (ang I, 3.1 -100 µg/kg), captopril (10 mg/kg), angiotensin II (ang II, 3.1 -50 µg/kg), losartan (30 mg/kg), phenylephrine T. violacea (60 mg/kg) and captopril (10 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally into iii some SHR for 21 days to investigate the chronic effect of these agents on plasma levels of aldosterone. The mean change, the mean of the individual percentage changes and the percentage difference (in mean) observed with each intervention was calculated and statistically analyzed using the Student's t test for significant difference (p < 0.05). The Microsoft Excel software was used for statistical analysis.T. violacea significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BP;and HR dose-dependently. In a dose-dependent manner, ang I, ang II, phenylephrine significantly (p < 0.05) increased the BP, while propranolol, muscarine and atropine reduced the BP. The increases in BP due to dobutamine were not dose-dependent. In a dose dependent manner, phenylephrine and propranolol reduced the HR, while dobutamine increased the HR. The effect of ang I, ang II, muscarine and atropine on HR were not dose-dependent; with both increases as well as decreases observed with ang I, and II and atropine, while decreases were seen with muscarine. Captopril produced significant (p < 0.05) reduction in BP which were not associated with any change in HR.The co-infusion of ang I with the MLE produced significant (p < 0.05) reduction in BP, which were not associated with significant changes in HR. The co-infusion of ang II with the MLE did not produce any significant changes in BP or HR when compared to the infusion of the standard drug alone. The co-infusion of phenylephrine with the MLE did

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Persistent blood pressure increase induced by heavy smoking

Cited by 279 publications

References 0 publications

Macro-microangiopathy and endothelial dysfunction in NIDDM patients with and without diabetic nephropathy

Macro-microangiopathy and endothelial dysfunction in NIDDM patients with and without diabetic nephropathy

Smoking as an Independent Risk Factor for Hypertension: A 14-Year Longitudinal Study in Male Japanese Workers

Effect of Tulbaghia violacea on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats

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