Persistent jugulocephalic vein: case report including commentaries on distribution of valves, blood flow direction and embryology

Abstract

(Folia Morphol 2016; 75, 2: 271-274)

Variations of the cephalic vein anterior to the clavicle in humans

“…The percentage of each CV type and subtype in all the reported cases is listed in Values represent frequencies and percentages. All the percentages were rounded to the nearest whole number [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,13,14,17,18,19,20,22,25].…”

A rare case of persistent jugulocephalic vein and its clinical implication

“…In a later stage of development, the cephalic vein establishes a connection with the axillary vein, after which it loses its connection with the external jugular vein. If it fails to lose connection with the external jugular vein, then it is called persistent jugulocephalic vein [ 3 6 7 8 9 ]. Cephalic and external jugular veins are generally used for central venous catheterizations.…”

“…In very rare cases, it crosses superficial to the clavicle and terminates into external jugular vein. This type of termination is called persistent jugulocephalic vein because it is derived from an embryonic channel that connects the cephalic vein with the external jugular vein [ 6 ]. We found one such persistent jugulocephalic vein during our dissection classes and the aim of this case report is to discuss the clinical implications of this rare variation.…”

Selected clinical challenges of a supraclavicular cephalic vein in cardiac implantable electronic device implantation

“…1B) [1,4,6,10,14]. If detected during a CIED procedure, a supraclavicular CV typically affects lead insertion.…”

“…A supraclavicular course of the CV is found sporadically during CIED procedures and has been reported in 0.2% of relevant autopsy examinations. Another, slightly more common, CV variation has the main vessel in its typical infraclavicular position but features an accessory supraclavicular branch corresponding to a persistent jugulocephalic vein (JCV) [1,4,8,9,14].…”