Persistent left superior vena cava

Tyrak, Kamil; Hołda, Jakub; Hołda, Mateusz K.; Piątek, Katarzyna; Klimek‐Piotrowska, Wiesława

doi:10.5830/cvja-2016-084

Cited by 70 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Dilatation of the coronary sinus in case of persistent left SVC due to the increased blood flow in the sinus has been previously described in the literature . However, in this different hemodynamic situation, the venous drainage through the right SVC is decreased, which could explain the smaller diameter of the right SVC . The smaller size of the aorta could be explained by the high association with left ventricular outflow tract obstructions such as anomalies of the aortic arch and aortic valve.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

The gap between the aorta and the superior vena cava: A sonographic sign of persistent left superior vena cava and associated abnormalities

Wertaschnigg

Rolnik

Ramkrishna³

et al. 2019

Prenatal Diagnosis

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Objectives To assess the distance between the right superior vena cava (SVC) and the aorta in fetuses with bilateral superior vena cava as a possible sonographic marker for this. Methods This was a nested case‐control study including 20 cases of bilateral SVC and 40 gestational age‐matched controls. The distance between the right SVC and the aorta was measured at the level of the three‐vessel trachea view in stored images, as well as the diameters of the aorta and the right SVC. Results The distance between the aorta and the right SVC was significantly larger in the cases of a left SVC compared with controls, P < .001. A distance of 2.0 mm or more was found in 70% of the cases and 5% of the controls, with a gestational‐age adjusted area under the receiver‐operating characteristics (ROC) curve for the diagnosis of left SVC of 0.93 (95% CI 0.87‐0.99). The aorta and the right SVC were significantly smaller in cases compared with controls, and there was a significant association with other cardiac and extracardiac abnormalities amongst cases of persistent left SVC. Conclusion An increased distance between the aorta and the right SVC is associated with the diagnosis of bilateral SVC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

The gap between the aorta and the superior vena cava: A sonographic sign of persistent left superior vena cava and associated abnormalities

Wertaschnigg

Rolnik

Ramkrishna³

et al. 2019

Prenatal Diagnosis

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show abstract

“…of Tyrak et al. (), the sinuatrial valve is essentially normal and the sinus septum is remodelled, as indicated by the beam of tissue visible between the Eustachian valve and the coronary sinus (Tyrak et al. ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(), the sinuatrial valve is essentially normal and the sinus septum is remodelled, as indicated by the beam of tissue visible between the Eustachian valve and the coronary sinus (Tyrak et al. ). However, the specimen with a persistent left superior caval vein that we examined did not show a clear sinus septum, there was no beam between the Eustachian valve and coronary sinus, suggesting that, in this case, the sinus septum may have remodelled to the point that it had been lost.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sinus venosus incorporation: contentious issues and operational criteria for developmental and evolutionary studies

et al. 2019

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The sinus venosus is a cardiac chamber upstream of the right atrium that harbours the dominant cardiac pacemaker. During human heart development, the sinus venosus becomes incorporated into the right atrium. However, from the literature it is not possible to deduce the characteristics and importance of this process of incorporation, due to inconsistent terminology and definitions in the description of multiple lines of evidence. We reviewed the literature regarding the incorporation of the sinus venosus and included novel electrophysiological data. Most mammals that have an incorporated sinus venosus show a loss of a functional valve guard of the superior caval vein together with a loss of the electrical sinuatrial delay between the sinus venosus and the right atrium. However, these processes are not necessarily intertwined and in a few species only the sinuatrial delay may be lost. Sinus venosus incorporation can be characterised as the loss of the sinuatrial delay of which the anatomical and molecular underpinnings are not yet understood.

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“…The diagnosis of PLSVC may be confirmed by injecting agitated saline into a peripheral vein on the left arm with subsequent visualization of the small bubbles (agitated saline) in the coronary sinus before entering the right atrium. [1][2][3] Other imaging modalities to confirm the diagnosis include contrast venography, computed tomography, and three-dimensional enhanced magnetic resonance venography.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it is the most common congenital anomaly of the thoracic venous return, a persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) has a reported incidence of less than 0.5% in the general population. [1][2][3][4] The incidence is higher (10-12%) in association with other forms of congenital heart disease, most commonly atrial (ASD) and ventricular septal defects. PLSVC results from a failure of obliteration of the left common cardinal vein during embryological development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%