Persistent memory loss following section of the anterior fornix in humans. A historical review

Garcia-Bengochea, Francisco; Friedman, William A.

doi:10.1016/0090-3019(87)90012-7

Cited by 65 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Several studies have demonstrated the safety of the technique and its insignificant cognitive repercussions. [2][3][4]7,8,15,21,22,28,30 Gaffan and Gaffan performed an extensive review of this topic and concluded that bilateral sectioning of the fornix causes memory deficits; however, there is no consistent evidence that unilateral sectioning of the fornix can affect memory.…”

Section: Comparative Anatomical Analysis Of Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative anatomical analysis of the transcallosal-transchoroidal and transcallosal-transforniceal-transchoroidal approaches to the third ventricle

Araújo

Veiga

Wen

et al. 2017

Journal of Neurosurgery

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OBJECTIVE Access to the third ventricle is a veritable challenge to neurosurgeons. In this context, anatomical and morphometric studies are useful for establishing the limitations and advantages of a particular surgical approach. The transchoroidal approach is versatile and provides adequate exposure of the middle and posterior regions of the third ventricle. However, the fornix column limits the exposure of the anterior region of the third ventricle. There is evidence that the unilateral section of the fornix column has little effect on cognitive function. This study compared the anatomical exposure afforded by the transforniceal-transchoroidal approach with that of the transchoroidal approach. In addition, a morphometric evaluation of structures that are relevant to and common in the 2 approaches was performed. METHODS The anatomical exposure provided by the transcallosal-transchoroidal and transcallosal-transfornicealtranschoroidal approaches was compared in 8 fresh cadavers, using a neuronavigation system. The working area, microsurgical exposure area, and angular exposure on the longitudinal and transversal planes of 2 anatomical targets (tuber cinereum and cerebral aqueduct) were compared. Additionally, the thickness of the right frontal lobe parenchyma, thickness of the corpus callosum trunk, and longitudinal diameter of the interventricular foramen were measured. The values obtained were submitted to statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon test. RESULTS In the quantitative evaluation, compared with the transchoroidal approach, the transforniceal-transchoroidal approach provided a greater mean working area (transforniceal-transchoroidal 150 ± 11 mm 2 ; transchoroidal 121 ± 8 mm 2 ; p < 0.05), larger mean microsurgical exposure area (transforniceal-transchoroidal 101 ± 9 mm 2 ; transchoroidal 80 ± 5 mm 2 ; p < 0.05), larger mean angular exposure area on the longitudinal plane for the tuber cinereum (transfornicealtranschoroidal 71° ± 7°; transchoroidal 64° ± 6°; p < 0.05), and larger mean angular exposure area on the longitudinal plane for the cerebral aqueduct (transforniceal-transchoroidal 62° ± 6°; transchoroidal 55° ± 5°; p < 0.05). No differences were observed in angular exposure along the transverse axis for either anatomical target (tuber cinereum and cerebral aqueduct; p > 0.05). The mean thickness of the right frontal lobe parenchyma was 35 ± 3 mm, the mean thickness of the corpus callosum trunk was 10 ± 1 mm, and the mean longitudinal diameter of the interventricular foramen was 4.6 ± 0.4 mm. In the qualitative assessment, it was noted that the transforniceal-transchoroidal approach led to greater exposure of the third ventricle anterior region structures. There was no difference between approaches in the exposure of the structures of the middle and posterior region. CONCLUSIONS The transforniceal-transchoroidal approach provides greater surgical exposure of the third ventricle anterior region than that offered by the transchoroidal approach. In the population studied, morphometric analysis estab...

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Section: Comparative Anatomical Analysis Of Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30,38 There is evidence that a unilateral lesion of the fornix column has little or no impact on memory. 2,4,8,15,22,25,28,30,43 Various regions and structures participate in the memory circuit, and the fornix is just one of these structures. Changes to other parts of this circuit would therefore be necessary to establish a permanent memory deficit.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative anatomical analysis of the transcallosal-transchoroidal and transcallosal-transforniceal-transchoroidal approaches to the third ventricle

Araújo

Veiga

Wen

et al. 2017

Journal of Neurosurgery

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“…A further 13 cases with fornix damage associated with third ventricle colloid cysts were also considered. Four of them had persistent memory loss (Carmel 1985;Garcia-Bengochea & Friedman 1987;Sweet et al 1959), but the likelihood that the cysts had caused additional diencephalic damage weakened the value of these individual cases. Similar constraints can be applied to other patients in whom surgery for cysts or tumours resulted in both fornix damage and memory loss (Cameron & Archibold 1981;Geffen et al 1980;Heilman & Sypert 1977;Tucker et al 1988).…”

Section: Testing the Contribution Of The Fornixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thanks for the memories: Extending the hippocampal-diencephalic mnemonic system

Aggleton¹,

Brown²

1999

Behav Brain Sci

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IntroductionThis target article describes how medial temporal lobemedial diencephalic interactions contribute to episodic memory. Previous models have focussed on neural circuitry within the temporal lobe. This earlier focus on "temporal lobe memory systems" arose from a number of assumptions about amnesia and models for amnesia. This target article questions these assumptions, and from this emerges a different way of considering the neural substrates of episodic memory. At the centre of this revision is the notion that the link from the hippocampus to the mamillary bodies and anterior thalamic nuclei, via the fornix, is critical for normal episodic memory (Gaffan 1992a). Moreover, damage to this axis is responsible for the core deficits in anterograde amnesia, as was originally proposed by Delay and Brion (1969). To understand why this view became unpopular and why it has now reemerged, it is necessary to describe how a number of past findings have been interpreted.We will first describe the main features of the proposed model. This is followed by a section summarising relevant evidence from studies of amnesia and animal models of amnesia, describing the way this evidence has often been interpreted. Section 4 examines certain assumptions underlying previous interpretations and shows that existing evidence can be reinterpreted in a different way. Section 5 BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (1999) 22, Abstract: By utilizing new information from both clinical and experimental (lesion, electrophysiological, and gene-activation) studies with animals, the anatomy underlying anterograde amnesia has been reformulated. The distinction between temporal lobe and diencephalic amnesia is of limited value in that a common feature of anterograde amnesia is damage to part of an "extended hippocampal system" comprising the hippocampus, the fornix, the mamillary bodies, and the anterior thalamic nuclei. This view, which can be traced back to Delay and Brion (1969), differs from other recent models in placing critical importance on the efferents from the hippocampus via the fornix to the diencephalon. These are necessary for the encoding and, hence, the effective subsequent recall of episodic memory. An additional feature of this hippocampal-anterior thalamic axis is the presence of projections back from the diencephalon to the temporal cortex and hippocampus that also support episodic memory. In contrast, this hippocampal system is not required for tests of item recognition that primarily tax familiarity judgements. Familiarity judgements reflect an independent process that depends on a distinct system involving the perirhinal cortex of the temporal lobe and the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus. In the large majority of amnesic cases both the hippocampal-anterior thalamic and the perirhinal-medial dorsal thalamic systems are compromised, leading to severe deficits in both recall and recognition.Keywords: amnesia; fornix; hippocampus; memory; temporal cortex; thalamus John Aggleton has been Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience ...

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“…Others lack a pre-operative assessment for comparison or have pooled patients with transcallosal and transcortical approaches [5,9,21] . Table 5 shows reports of memory function following excision of colloid cysts.…”

Section: Memory Impairment Following Colloid Cyst Excisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Memory and New Learning Ability following Stereotaxy-Guided Transcortical Resection of Anterior Third Ventricular Colloid Cysts

Moorthy

Vinolia²,

Tharyan³

et al. 2006

Stereotact Funct Neurosurg

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In a prospective study, memory and new learning ability functions were assessed pre-operatively (17 patients) and in the early post-operative period (22 patients) at 7–26 days following surgery in patients undergoing stereotactic transcortical excision of their colloid cysts. Pre-operative assessment detected impaired memory in 5 patients, 2 of whom had no memory-related complaints. Impaired new learning ability was detected pre-operatively in 7 patients. There was a statistically non-significant trend towards improvement in the dysfunction scores post-operatively in most patients. No correlation was detected between the cyst size, presence of raised intracranial pressure at presentation, hydrocephalus and the pre-operative dysfunction scores. Stereotactic transcortical resection of colloid cysts does not impair these functions in the majority of patients and might improve these functions in some. In the absence of clinical or radiological predictors of dysfunction of memory and new learning ability, pre-operative neuropsychological assessment has a role in detecting impaired memory and new learning ability in patients with anterior third ventricular colloid cysts who may not even complain of them.

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Persistent memory loss following section of the anterior fornix in humans. A historical review

Cited by 65 publications

References 13 publications

Comparative anatomical analysis of the transcallosal-transchoroidal and transcallosal-transforniceal-transchoroidal approaches to the third ventricle

Comparative anatomical analysis of the transcallosal-transchoroidal and transcallosal-transforniceal-transchoroidal approaches to the third ventricle

Thanks for the memories: Extending the hippocampal-diencephalic mnemonic system

Assessment of Memory and New Learning Ability following Stereotaxy-Guided Transcortical Resection of Anterior Third Ventricular Colloid Cysts

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