Persistent organic pollutants and mercury in dead and dying glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus) at Bjørnøya (Svalbard)

Sagerup, Kjetil; Helgason, Lisa Bjørnsdatter; Polder, Anuschka; Strøm, Hallvard; Josefsen, Terje D.; Skåre, Janneche Utne; Gabrielsen, Geir Wing

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.08.020

Cited by 52 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This study shows that the lipid content of liver lipids remained stable, whereas preen gland lipid content decreased. This is consistent with observation made in glaucous gulls, where the total liver lipid contents of severely emaciated birds were comparable to the ones found in healthy gulls (Sagerup, Helgason et al 2009). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The black-legged kittiwake preen gland—an overlooked organ for depuration of fat-soluble contaminants?

et al. 2016

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The black-legged kittiwake preen gland—an overlooked organ for depuration of fat-soluble contaminants?

et al. 2016

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“…Significant numbers of dead or dying birds have been found annually near the breeding colonies on Bjørnøya. Autopsies and analyses of environmental contaminants have shown that the birds were emaciated and contained high levels of OCP, PCB, and PBDE in the liver and brain (Sagerup et al, 2009). The high levels of contaminants may contribute to the death of weakened individuals, although it is not known whether the emaciation is triggered by high levels of contaminants or by environmental factors such as food shortage (Sagerup et al, 2009).…”

Section: Conservation Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Autopsies and analyses of environmental contaminants have shown that the birds were emaciated and contained high levels of OCP, PCB, and PBDE in the liver and brain (Sagerup et al, 2009). The high levels of contaminants may contribute to the death of weakened individuals, although it is not known whether the emaciation is triggered by high levels of contaminants or by environmental factors such as food shortage (Sagerup et al, 2009). Changes in food availability and predation or competition by a growing population of Arctic foxes and Great Skua Stercorarius skua may also be factors influencing the decline of the Bjørnøya Glaucous Gull population (Strøm, 2007;Erikstad and Strøm, 2012).…”

Section: Conservation Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Status of Glaucous Gulls <i>Larus hyperboreus</i> in the Circumpolar Arctic

Petersen¹,

Irons²,

Gilchrist³

et al. 2015

ARCTIC

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ABSTRACT. The entire world population of the Glaucous Gull Larus hyperboreus breeds in the circumpolar Arctic. Some local populations appear to be declining significantly. In this paper, we summarize the current state of knowledge on Glaucous Gull populations and trends. The total Arctic population is estimated at 138 600 to 218 600 breeding pairs (277 200 to 437 200 breeding individuals) distributed among at least 2768 colonies (many not documented). Population declines may be attributable to egg harvest, contaminants, or food shortages, but other factors operating outside the breeding season should not be excluded. We recommend collaborative conservation efforts that will include better population estimates in most countries, as well as standardized monitoring programs.Key words: Glaucous Gull; Larus hyperboreus; Arctic; population status; population trends; monitoring; conservation concerns RÉSUMÉ. Toute la population mondiale de goélands bourgmestres Larus hyperboreus se reproduit dans l'Arctique circumpolaire. Certaines populations locales semblent diminuer considérablement. Dans cette communication, nous résumons l'état actuel des connaissances sur les populations et les tendances concernant le goéland bourgmestre. La population arctique totale est estimé de 138 600 à 218 600 couples reproducteurs (de 277 200 à 437 200 individus reproducteurs) répartis dans au moins 2 768 colonies (dont grand nombre n'ont pas été consignées). Les déclins de population peuvent être attribuables à la récolte des oeufs, aux contaminants ou aux pénuries de nourriture, bien qu'il ne faille pas exclure d'autres facteurs ne se rapportant pas à la saison de reproduction. Nous recommandons des efforts de conservation communs qui comprendront de meilleures estimations de population dans la plupart des pays de même que des programmes de surveillance normalisés.

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“…For example, increased plasma concentrations of HOCs were found following fasting in common eiders (Somateria mollissima) [4], harp seals (Phoca groendlica) [3], and northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) [31]. Body condition (or body mass) has also been inversely associated with SPCB concentrations in the brain of black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) [6], liver and brain of glaucous gulls [5] and Arctic char [7], and liver of ringed seals [8]. Lipid contents in plasma or liver were not affected by the experimental treatments or their interactions with tissue although lipid content in brain was slightly higher (0.46 percent units [CI 0.02, 0.90]) in the exposed chicks compared to the control chicks.…”

Section: Concentrations Of Hocsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seasonal fasting periods supposedly render Arctic animals more vulnerable to toxic effects of HOCs [2]. Several studies have documented increased HOC concentrations in plasma, liver, and/or brain of Arctic animals during energy-demanding periods [3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of reduced food intake on toxicokinetics of halogenated organic contaminants in herring gull (Larus argentatus) chicks

Routti

Helgason

Arukwe

et al. 2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-The aim of the present study was to investigate how contaminant exposure and reduced food intake affect tissue distribution and biotransformation of halogenated organic contaminants (HOCs) in Arctic seabirds using herring gull (Larus argentatus) as a model species. Herring gull chicks were exposed for 44 d to cod liver oil containing a typical mixture of contaminants. Following exposure, food intake was reduced for a one-week period in a subgroup of the chicks. Polyclorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, and brominated flame retardants, as well as a wide range of hydroxy, methyl sulfone, and methoxy compounds were measured in liver, brain, and plasma samples. Additionally, phase I biotransformation enzyme activities and phase I and II messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression were investigated in the liver, brain, or both. Both contaminant exposure and reduced food intake had an increasing effect on the concentrations of HOCs and their metabolites. The HOC exposure and reduced food intake also led to increased 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation (EROD) activity, whereas mRNA expression of the biotransformation enzymes increased only following the reduced food intake. Tissue distribution of HOCs and their metabolites was not affected by either contaminant exposure or reduced food intake. In conclusion, the results indicate that biotransformation capacity and formation of HOC metabolites increase during reduced food intake. This finding supports the hypothesis that reduced food intake increases the susceptibility of Arctic animals to the effects of lipophilic HOCs. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:156-164. # 2012 SETAC

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Persistent organic pollutants and mercury in dead and dying glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus) at Bjørnøya (Svalbard)

Cited by 52 publications

References 45 publications

The black-legged kittiwake preen gland—an overlooked organ for depuration of fat-soluble contaminants?

The black-legged kittiwake preen gland—an overlooked organ for depuration of fat-soluble contaminants?

The Status of Glaucous Gulls <i>Larus hyperboreus</i> in the Circumpolar Arctic

Effect of reduced food intake on toxicokinetics of halogenated organic contaminants in herring gull (Larus argentatus) chicks

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