Persistent Progenitors at the Retinal Margin of<i>ptc</i>+/- Mice

Moshiri, Ala; Reh, Thomas A.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2980-03.2004

Cited by 132 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…As noted earlier, since we only found differences in proliferation near the end of histogenesis, it may be that only the final round of proliferation is absent in the mutants and therefore only a small change in the relative numbers of Muller glia would occur. In general, it appears that those factors that regulate proliferation or differentiation of retinal progenitors early in development, such as Shh (Moshiri and Reh, 2004;Dakubo and Wallace, 2004) and GDF11 (Kim et al, 2005), have more dramatic effects on the relative proportions of the different retinal cell types, while those factors that affect proliferation relatively late in histogenesis, such as p27 kip (Dyer and Cepko, 2000;Levine et al, 2000), have more subtle, or undetectable, effects on relative cell-type proportions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, we have recently shown that transforming growth factor b 2 (TGFb2) is expressed in the postnatal retina, and inhibits progenitor and glial proliferation in vitro and in vivo (Close et al, 2005). Fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor a (TGFa), transforming growth factor b 3 (TGFb3), and sonic hedgehog (Shh) have all previously been shown to promote retinal progenitor and/or glial proliferation in vitro (Anchan and Reh, 1995;Anchan et al, 1991;Jensen and Wallace, 1997;Levine et al, 1997;Lillien and Cepko, 1992;Moshiri and Reh, 2004;Wang et al, 2002). Some of these factors, such as FGF and Shh, have also proven to be mitogenic in vivo (Fischer and Reh, 2002;Fischer et al, 2002a,b;Wang et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidermal growth factor receptor expression regulates proliferation in the postnatal rat retina

Liu

Gümüşçü

et al. 2006

Glia

111

121

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Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is known to promote proliferation of both retinal progenitors and Muller glia in vitro, but several questions remain concerning an in vivo role for this factor. In this study, we investigated whether the EGF receptor (EGFR) is necessary for the maintenance of normal levels of progenitor and Muller glial proliferation in vivo. Here, we show that (1) mice with homozygous deletion of the Egfr gene have reduced proliferation in late stages of retinal histogenesis, (2) EGF is mitogenic for M€ uller glia in vivo during the first two postnatal weeks in the rodent retina, (3) the effectiveness of EGF as a M€ uller glial mitogen declines in parallel with the decline in EGFR expression as the retina matures, and (4) following damage to the retina from continuous light exposure, EGFR expression is upregulated in M€ uller glia to levels close to those in the neonatal retina, resulting in a renewed mitotic response to EGF. Together with previous results from other studies, these data indicate that the downregulation of a growth factor receptor is one mechanism by which glial cells maintain mitotic quiescence in the mature nervous system. V V C 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidermal growth factor receptor expression regulates proliferation in the postnatal rat retina

Liu

Gümüşçü

et al. 2006

Glia

111

121

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“…Although there is recent evidence for the presence of retinal progenitor cells at the retinal margin of ptc +/− mice (Moshiri and Reh, 2004), monkeys, and humans (Cuenca et al, 2005), it is unlikely that neurogenesis in this zone may account for all the additional cells that are seen over distances as far as 5,800 μm from the ora serrata. Recently, a pool of mitotic retinal progenitor cells was found distributed in the central retina of the adult Chx10 −/− mouse (Dhomen et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravitreal injection of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) causes peripheral remodeling and does not prevent photoreceptor loss in canine RPGR mutant retina

Beltran

Wen

Acland

et al. 2007

Experimental Eye Research

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Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) rescues photoreceptors in several animal models of retinal degeneration and is currently being evaluated as a potential treatment for retinitis pigmentosa in humans. This study was conducted to test whether CNTF prevents photoreceptor cell loss in XLPRA2, an early onset canine model of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa caused by a frameshift mutation in RPGR exon ORF15.Four different treatment regimens of CNTF were tested in XLPRA2 dogs. Under anesthesia, the animals received at different ages an intravitreal injection of 12 μg of CNTF in the left eye. The right eye served as a control and was injected with a similar volume of phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Ocular examinations were performed regularly during the treatment periods. At termination, the dogs were euthanatized, eyes collected and the retinas were processed for embedding in optimal cutting temperature (OCT) medium. The outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness was evaluated on H&E sections and values in both CNTF-and PBS-treated eyes were compared. Morphologic alterations in the peripheral retina were characterized by immunohistochemistry using cell-specific markers. Cell proliferation in the retinas was examined on semi-thin plastic sections, and by BrdU pulselabeling and Ki67 immunohistochemistry on cryosections.All CNTF-treated eyes showed early clinical signs of corneal epitheliopathy, subcapsular cataracts and uveitis. No statistically significant difference in ONL thickness was seen between the CNTFand PBS-injected eyes. Prominent retinal remodeling that consisted in an abnormal increase in the number of rods, and in misplacement of some rods, cones, bipolar and Müller cells, was observed in the peripheral retina of CNTF-treated eyes. This was only seen when CNTF was in injected before the age at which the canine retina reaches full maturation.In XLPRA2 dogs, intravitreal injections of CNTF failed to prevent photoreceptors from undergoing cell death in the central and mid-peripheral retina. CNTF also caused ocular side-effects and Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access

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“…7,514,259 B2, available at: www.uspto.gov). Of the multiple types of RSCs and RPCs reported, retinal glial Mueller cells are the most studied late progenitors that retain competency to produce neuronal lineages including photoreceptor cells [19]. Mueller glial cells actively regenerate damaged retina in lower animals and can be similarly activated in mice by application of growth factors [20].…”

Section: Rscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem Cells for Retinal Replacement Therapy

Stern

Temple

2011

Neurotherapeutics

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Retinal degenerative disease has limited therapeutic options and the possibility of stem cell-mediated regenerative treatments is being actively explored for these blinding retinal conditions. The relative accessibility of this central nervous system tissue and the ability to visually monitor changes after transplantation make the retina and adjacent retinal pigment epithelium prime targets for pioneering stem cell therapeutics. Prior work conducted for several decades indicated the promise of cell transplantation for retinal disease, and new strategies that combine these established surgical approaches with stem cell-derived donor cells is ongoing. A variety of tissue-specific and pluripotent-derived donor cells are being advanced to replace lost or damaged retinal cells and/or to slow the disease processes by providing neuroprotective factors, with the ultimate aim of long-term improvement in visual function. Clinical trials are in the early stages, and data on safety and efficacy are widely anticipated. Positive outcomes from these stem cell-based clinical studies would radically change the way that blinding disorders are approached in the clinic.

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Persistent Progenitors at the Retinal Margin ofptc+/- Mice

Cited by 132 publications

References 47 publications

Epidermal growth factor receptor expression regulates proliferation in the postnatal rat retina

Epidermal growth factor receptor expression regulates proliferation in the postnatal rat retina

Intravitreal injection of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) causes peripheral remodeling and does not prevent photoreceptor loss in canine RPGR mutant retina

Stem Cells for Retinal Replacement Therapy

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