Persistent Spatial Patterns of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica Concentrations in Surface Waters: Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis of Data from Maryland

Kim, Seongyun; Paul, Manashi; Negahban-Azar, Masoud; Micallef, Shirley A.; Goldstein, Rachel E. Rosenberg; Hashem, Fawzy; Parveen, Salina; Sapkota, Amir; Kniel, Kalmia E.; Sapkota, Amy R.; Pachepsky, Yakov; Sharma, Manan

doi:10.3390/app12157526

“…For example, non-tidal rivers and streams are unidirectional and strongly influenced by upstream environmental conditions, but the impact of upstream conditions is reduced for other water types, such as the Great Lakes or seeps fed by groundwater. Past studies that sampled multiple water types often reported drastically different foodborne pathogen prevalence for the sampled water types ( 7 , 12 , 40 , 166 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological differences between studies confound one-size-fits-all approaches to managing surface waterways for food and water safety

Weller,

Murphy,

Love

et al. 2024

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Even though differences in methodology (e.g., sample volume and detection method) have been shown to affect observed microbial water quality, multiple sampling and laboratory protocols continue to be used for water quality monitoring. Research is needed to determine how these differences impact the comparability of findings to generate best management practices and the ability to perform meta-analyses. This study addresses this knowledge gap by compiling and analyzing a data set representing 2,429,990 unique data points on at least one microbial water quality target (e.g., Salmonella presence and Escherichia coli concentration). Variance partitioning analysis was used to quantify the variance in likelihood of detecting each pathogenic target that was uniquely and jointly attributable to non-methodological versus methodological factors. The strength of the association between microbial water quality and select methodological and non-methodological factors was quantified using conditional forest and regression analysis. Fecal indicator bacteria concentrations were more strongly associated with non-methodological factors than methodological factors based on conditional forest analysis. Variance partitioning analysis could not disentangle non-methodological and methodological signals for pathogenic Escherichia coli , Salmonella , and Listeria . This suggests our current perceptions of foodborne pathogen ecology in water systems are confounded by methodological differences between studies. For example, 31% of total variance in likelihood of Salmonella detection was explained by methodological and/or non-methodological factors , 18% was jointly attributable to both methodological and non-methodological factors. Only 13% of total variance was uniquely attributable to non-methodological factors for Salmonella , highlighting the need for standardization of methods for microbiological water quality testing for comparison across studies. IMPORTANCE The microbial ecology of water is already complex, without the added complications of methodological differences between studies. This study highlights the difficulty in comparing water quality data from projects that used different sampling or laboratory methods. These findings have direct implications for end users as there is no clear way to generalize findings in order to characterize broad-scale ecological phenomenon and develop science-based guidance. To best support development of risk assessments and guidance for monitoring and managing waters, data collection and methods need to be standardized across studies. A minimum set of data attributes that all studies should collect and report in a standardized way is needed. Given the diversity of methods used within applied and environmental microbiology, similar studies are needed for other microbiology subfields to ensure that guidance and policy are based on a robust interpretation of the literature.

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Unveiling the genomic landscape ofSalmonella entericaserotypes Typhimurium, Newport, and Infantis in Latin American surface waters: a comparative analysis

Chen,

Toro,

Moreno-Switt

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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Surface waters are considered ecological habitats where Salmonella enterica can persist and disseminate to fresh produce production systems. This study aimed to explore the genomic profiles of S. enterica serotypes Typhimurium, Newport, and Infantis from surface waters in Chile, Mexico, and Brazil collected between 2019 and 2022. We analyzed the whole genomes of 106 S . Typhimurium, 161 S . Newport, and 113 S . Infantis isolates. Our phylogenetic analysis exhibited distinct groupings of isolates by their respective countries except for a notable case involving a Chilean S . Newport isolate closely related to two Mexican isolates, showing 4 and 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms of difference, respectively. The patterns of the most frequently detected antimicrobial resistance genes varied across countries and serotypes. A strong correlation existed between integron carriage and genotypic multidrug resistance (MDR) across serotypes in Chile and Mexico ( R > 0.90, P < 0.01), while integron(s) were not detected in any of the Brazilian isolates. By contrast, we did not identify any strong correlation between plasmid carriage and genotypic MDR across diverse countries and serotypes. IMPORTANCE Unveiling the genomic landscape of S. enterica in Latin American surface waters is pivotal for ensuring public health. This investigation sheds light on the intricate genomic diversity of S. enterica in surface waters across Chile, Mexico, and Brazil. Our research also addresses critical knowledge gaps, pioneering a comprehensive understanding of surface waters as a reservoir for multidrug-resistant S. enterica . By integrating our understanding of integron carriage as biomarkers into broader MDR control strategies, we can also work toward targeted interventions that mitigate the emergence and dissemination of MDR in S. enterica in surface waters. Given its potential implications for food safety, this study emphasizes the critical need for informed policies and collaborative initiatives to address the risks associated with S. enterica in surface waters.

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Exploring the genomic and antimicrobial resistance tapestry: comparative insights into Salmonella enterica serotypes Agona, Braenderup, Muenchen, and Panama in Latin American surface waters

Chen,

Delgado Suárez,

Bonelli

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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Surface waters function as ecological niches where Salmonella enterica can persist and disseminate to fresh produce production systems. We examined the genomic characteristics of S. enterica serotypes Agona ( n = 86), Braenderup ( n = 47), Muenchen ( n = 53), and Panama ( n = 69) isolates from surface waters in Chile, Mexico, and Brazil between 2019 and 2022. Mexican isolates consistently displayed a higher occurrence of genotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) than Chilean and Brazilian isolates. All S . Agona isolates exhibited the presence of fosA7.2 , while qnrB19 emerged as the predominant AMR gene (ARG) among S . Braenderup isolates. S . Muenchen isolates from Chile displayed an absence of any ARGs, while those from Mexico and Brazil predominantly carried qnrB19 . Among S . Panama isolates from Chile, aadA1 , floR , sat2 , and tet(B ) were the most prevalent ARGs, whereas those from Mexico and Brazil harbored tet(A ), and floR and tet(A ) as the leading ARGs, respectively. ARG sharing among isolates and ARG co-occurrence within individual isolates were prevalent across countries and serotypes. All isolates containing integrons exhibited genotypic multidrug resistance. The principal coordinates analysis reveals distinct clustering patterns based on country, serotype, number of ARGs per isolate, and plasmid and integron presence/absence. The whole-genome phylogenetic analysis demonstrates clear clusters, each associated with their respective countries. However, a notable exception was observed with one S . Agona isolate from Brazil closely related to two isolates from Chile, differing by only 18 and 19 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, respectively. IMPORTANCE This comprehensive study explored the intricate genomic landscapes of S . Agona, Braenderup, Muenchen, and Panama isolates from surface waters across Chile, Mexico, and Brazil. By filling important knowledge gaps related to the genomic characteristics of these serotypes, the research offers a nuanced understanding of these serotypes as potential reservoirs for multidrug resistance. Our findings emphasize the urgency of targeted interventions to mitigate the emergence and dissemination of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica . This work underscores the need for informed policies and collaborative efforts to address the risks posed by S. enterica in Latin American surface waters.

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Persistent Spatial Patterns of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica Concentrations in Surface Waters: Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis of Data from Maryland

Cited by 4 publications

References 49 publications

Methodological differences between studies confound one-size-fits-all approaches to managing surface waterways for food and water safety

Methodological differences between studies confound one-size-fits-all approaches to managing surface waterways for food and water safety

Unveiling the genomic landscape ofSalmonella entericaserotypes Typhimurium, Newport, and Infantis in Latin American surface waters: a comparative analysis

Exploring the genomic and antimicrobial resistance tapestry: comparative insights into Salmonella enterica serotypes Agona, Braenderup, Muenchen, and Panama in Latin American surface waters

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