Persistent spatial structuring of coastal ocean acidification in the California Current System

Chan, Francis; Barth, John A.; Blanchette, Carol A.; Byrne, Robert H.; Chávez, Francisco P.; Cheriton, Olivia M.; Feely, Richard A.; Friederich, Gernot; Gaylord, Brian; Gouhier, Tarik C.; Hacker, Sally D.; Hill, T. M.; Hofmann, Gretchen E.; McManus, Margaret A.; Menge, Bruce A.; Nielsen, Karina J.; Russell, A. D.; Sanford, Eric; Sevadjian, Jeff; Washburn, Libe

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-02777-y

Cited by 160 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Calcified organisms such as bivalves are predicted to face the greatest challenges under future ocean acidification (Cooley & Doney, ). Some coastal areas have already experienced large changes in mean seawater acidity, in some cases equal to or greater than conditions originally predicted in future ocean scenarios (Chan et al., ; Hofmann et al., ; Kroeker et al., ; Wahl et al., ; Wootton & Pfister, ; Wootton, Pfister, & Forester, ). For example, seawater pH has declined rapidly in the northeast Pacific over the last 17 years, accompanied by changes in δ 13 C signatures from mussel shells, which reveal altered inorganic carbon chemistry over recent decades (Pfister et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

A mineralogical record of ocean change: Decadal and centennial patterns in the California mussel

McCoy

Kamenos

Chung

et al. 2018

Global Change Biology

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Ocean acidification, a product of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide, may already have affected calcified organisms in the coastal zone, such as bivalves and other shellfish. Understanding species' responses to climate change requires the context of long-term dynamics. This can be particularly difficult given the longevity of many important species in contrast with the relatively rapid onset of environmental changes. Here, we present a unique archival dataset of mussel shells from a locale with recent environmental monitoring and historical climate reconstructions. We compare shell structure and composition in modern mussels, mussels from the 1970s, and mussel shells dating back to 1000-2420 years BP. Shell mineralogy has changed dramatically over the past 15 years, despite evidence for consistent mineral structure in the California mussel, Mytilus californianus, over the prior 2500 years. We present evidence for increased disorder in the calcium carbonate shells of mussels and greater variability between individuals. These changes in the last decade contrast markedly from a background of consistent shell mineralogy for centuries. Our results use an archival record of natural specimens to provide centennial-scale context for altered minerology and variability in shell features as a response to acidification stress and illustrate the utility of long-term studies and archival records in global change ecology. Increased variability between individuals is an emerging pattern in climate change responses, which may equally expose the vulnerability of organisms and the potential of populations for resilience.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

A mineralogical record of ocean change: Decadal and centennial patterns in the California mussel

McCoy

Kamenos

Chung

et al. 2018

Global Change Biology

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“…These urchins experience a range of pH and oxygen conditions depending on depth and setting (Takeshita et al , 2015; Chan et al , 2017), with the red ( M. franciscanus ) and purple ( Strongylocentrotus purpuratus ) urchins generally occupying the intertidal and inner shelf reefs (Kato and Schroeter, 1985; Rogers-Bennett, 2007), and pink urchins ( S. fragilis ) occurring throughout the outer shelf and upper slope (Sato et al , 2017; Thompson et al , 1993). Deep-sea fishery species (taken on the continental slope and seamounts) are conventionally thought to be non-sustainable due to long life spans, slow growth rates, and late maturity (Koslow et al , 2000; Norse et al , 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the promise and pitfalls of a potential climate change–tolerant sea urchin fishery in southern California

Sato

Powell

Rudie

et al. 2017

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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Marine fishery stakeholders are beginning to consider and implement adaptation strategies in the face of growing consumer demand and potential deleterious climate change impacts such as ocean warming, ocean acidification, and deoxygenation. This study investigates the potential for development of a novel climate change-tolerant sea urchin fishery in southern California based on Strongylocentrotus fragilis (pink sea urchin), a deep-sea species whose peak density was found to coincide with a current trap-based spot prawn fishery (Pandalus platyceros) in the 200–300-m depth range. Here we outline potential criteria for a climate change-tolerant fishery by examining the distribution, life-history attributes, and marketable qualities of S. fragilis in southern California. We provide evidence of seasonality of gonad production and demonstrate that peak gonad production occurs in the winter season. S. fragilis likely spawns in the spring season as evidenced by consistent minimum gonad indices in the spring/summer seasons across 4 years of sampling (2012–2016). The resiliency of S. fragilis to predicted future increases in acidity and decreases in oxygen was supported by high species abundance, albeit reduced relative growth rate estimates at water depths (485–510 m) subject to low oxygen (11.7–16.9 µmol kg−1) and pHTotal (<7.44), which may provide assurances to stakeholders and managers regarding the suitability of this species for commercial exploitation. Some food quality properties of the S. fragilis roe (e.g. colour, texture) were comparable with those of the commercially exploited shallow-water red sea urchin (Mesocentrotus franciscanus), while other qualities (e.g. 80% reduced gonad size by weight) limit the potential future marketability of S. fragilis. This case study highlights the potential future challenges and drawbacks of climate-tolerant fishery development in an attempt to inform future urchin fishery stakeholders.

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“…In each trial, algae were placed in chambers with water of known carbonate chemistry, across a range of OA treatments (pH: 7.11–8.22, p CO 2 : 343.6–4590.6 μatm, Ω arag , 0.38–2.4; Appendix S3). Current observed values of pH, p CO 2 , Ω arag for coastal waters in our region are among the most acidified regimes in the world, ranging from 7.22 to 9.0, 10 to 3,276 μatm, and 0.2 to 2.8, respectively (Chan et al., ; Kwiatkowski et al., ; Reum et al., ). Intertidal zones in our region also commonly experience rapid shifts in pH, with hourly shifts in pH of ~0.3 pH units per hour (Chan et al., ; Kwiatkowski et al., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…For example, in this study, all five species co‐occur but are distributed across three habitats potentially differing in pH regime (Hurd et al., ; Kwiatkowski et al., ). Tide pools in the NE Pacific experience more acidified pH regimes than occurs outside pools (Chan et al., ; Kwiatkowski et al., ). Thus, tide pool species may be less sensitive to OA than species that occur on emergent rock.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To test our hypotheses, we assayed the physiology of species under short‐term experimental OA. Using a regression design, we tested OA effects on net calcification and photosynthesis rates across a wide range of saturation state values that corresponded to levels currently experienced and predicted for coastal waters in the region (see Materials and Methods; Reum et al., ; Kwiatkowski et al., ; Chan et al., ). We asked: (a) which model best describes multispecies coralline physiology under OA, and (b) does the consideration of nonclimate drivers change the conclusion about coralline performance under OA?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Generality in multispecies responses to ocean acidification revealed through multiple hypothesis testing

Barner

Chan

Hettinger

et al. 2018

Global Change Biology

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Decades of research have demonstrated that many calcifying species are negatively affected by ocean acidification, a major anthropogenic threat in marine ecosystems. However, even closely related species may exhibit different responses to ocean acidification and less is known about the drivers that shape such variation in different species. Here, we examine the drivers of physiological performance under ocean acidification in a group of five species of turf-forming coralline algae. Specifically, quantitating the relative weight of evidence for each of ten hypotheses, we show that variation in coralline calcification and photosynthesis was best explained by allometric traits. Across ocean acidification conditions, larger individuals (measured as noncalcified mass) had higher net calcification and photosynthesis rates. Importantly, our approach was able to not only identify the aspect of size that drove the performance of coralline algae, but also determined that responses to ocean acidification were not dependent on species identity, evolutionary relatedness, habitat, shape, or structural composition. In fact, we found that failure to test multiple, alternative hypotheses would underestimate the generality of physiological performances, leading to the conclusion that each species had different baseline performance under ocean acidification. Testing among alternative hypotheses is an essential step toward determining the generalizability of experiments across taxa and identifying common drivers of species responses to global change.

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Persistent spatial structuring of coastal ocean acidification in the California Current System

Cited by 160 publications

References 46 publications

A mineralogical record of ocean change: Decadal and centennial patterns in the California mussel

A mineralogical record of ocean change: Decadal and centennial patterns in the California mussel

Evaluating the promise and pitfalls of a potential climate change–tolerant sea urchin fishery in southern California

Generality in multispecies responses to ocean acidification revealed through multiple hypothesis testing

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