Persistent synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbons in albatross tissue samples from midway atoll

Jones, Paul D.; Hannah, Donald J.; Buckland, Simon J.; Day, Peter J.; Leathem, Scott V.; Porter, Lawrence J.; Auman, Heidi J.; Sanderson, J. Thomas; Giesy, John P.; Summer, Cheryl L.; Ludwig, James P.; Colborn, Theo

doi:10.1002/etc.5620151021

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The other CBs of importance were CB-126<CB-77<CB-156<CB-105<CB-118<CB-169 [158]. Occurrence of non-, mono-, di-ortho CBs, and PCDD/Fs have been detected in albatrosses living in pristine locations such as Midway Atoll in the Pacific Ocean [159]. Their study confirmed an earlier prediction by Kannan et al [12] that impact of planar PCBs and PCDFs will be greater than PCDDs in organisms living far away from land.…”

Section: Birdssupporting

confidence: 71%

Non- and Mono-ortho Chlorinated Biphenyls

Kannan¹

2000

Volume 3 Anthropogenic Compounds Part K

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a complex mixture, identified in every component of the global ecosystem. If potential toxicity, environmental prevalence, and potential risk to humans and wildlife are considered, non-and mono-ortho substituted chlorinated biphenyls become extremely important. They resemble 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in their biological action, causing hepato-, immuno-, reproductive, and dermal toxicities, and inducing mixed function oxidase (MFO) enzymes. This is the basis behind TCDD toxic equivalency (TEQs) as an approach towards risk assessment. Improvements in chromatographic techniques have yielded an array of analytical methods for these congeners that resulted in the determination of coplanar non-ortho and mono-ortho CBs in air, water, soil, and in organisms. Long range trans-hemispheric transportation of these substances in air and ocean currents have been demonstrated. Their contents in commercial PCBs have been studied and their formation during incineration is shown. Long term studies in river sediments demonstrate reductive dechlorination. PCB clearance from animals occurs both by non-metabolic and metabolic routes. Their flux in air, water, and sediments is estimated. OH reactions in the atmosphere is proposed as a principal source of loss along with permanent burial in marine and fresh water sediments.

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Section: Birdssupporting

confidence: 71%

Non- and Mono-ortho Chlorinated Biphenyls

Kannan¹

2000

Volume 3 Anthropogenic Compounds Part K

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“…Thus, concentrations of PCBs have decreased by a factor of two over the past 25 years. [10,11]. The birds sampled in the current study were killed in the early part of the breeding cycle when fat reserves were greatest.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCBS, DDE, DDT, and TCDD‐EQ in two species of albatross on Sand Island, Midway Atoll, North Pacific Ocean

Auman

Ludwig²,

Summer³

et al. 1997

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Concentrations of total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine insecticides, including the 1,1,1-trichloro-2, 2Ј-bis-p-chlorophenyl-ethane (DDT) complex, were measured in the plasma of chicks and adults and in eggs of Laysan albatrosses (Diomedea immutabilis) and black-footed albatrosses (Diomedea nigripes) in a remote area of the central North Pacific Ocean. Significant differences in total concentrations of PCBs, DDT, and 1,1-dichloro-2,2Ј-bis-p-chlorophenyl-ethylene (DDE) in the plasma were detected between species and among sampling periods. Current concentrations of DDE in eggs of Laysan albatrosses are well below the threshold for eggshell thinning, based on the sensitivities of other fish-eating birds, whereas concentrations of DDE in eggs of black-footed albatrosses were approximately one-half of the threshold concentrations necessary for eggshell thinning. The shells of Laysan and black-footed albatross eggs are not currently exhibiting significant thinning that is resulting in populationlevel effects. Current concentrations of PCBs are near those that could be having subtle population-level effects in the black-footed albatross, but not in the Laysan albatross. The hazard posed to the albatrosses by current concentrations of PCBs was assessed by calculating a hazard quotient (HQ), based on composite dose-response relationships for other species. Dioxin equivalents (TEq) based on mammalian toxic equivalency factors resulted in the greatest HQ, which was near the concentration when embryo lethality and deformities are observed in fish-eating colonial waterbirds of the North American Great Lakes. Current concentrations of both PCBs and the DDT complex were similar to those in some species of piscivorous birds of the North American Great Lakes region.

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“…The diet of the Laysan albatross consists primarily of ommastrephid squids (∼68% of the diet) whereas the black‐footed albatross feed mostly on flying fish (50%) and squids constitute a relatively lesser proportion (32%) of the diet. Details regarding the sources of environmental contaminants for these two species of albatrosses have been reported previously [41,42].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxylated and methylsulfonyl polychlorinated biphenyl metabolites in albatrosses from Midway Atoll, North Pacific Ocean

Klasson-Wehler

Bergman

Athanasiadou

et al. 1998

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Concentrations of hydroxylated metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (OH-PCBs) and methylsulfonyl metabolites of PCBs (MeSO 2 -PCBs) were determined in plasma and liver of albatrosses collected from the Midway Atoll in the central North Pacific Ocean. The mean total concentrations of OH-PCBs in plasma of Laysan albatrosses (Diomedea immutabilis) and black-footed albatrosses (Diomedea nigripes) were 11.5 and 27.1 ng/g wet weight, respectively. Total concentrations of OH-PCBs were only one-to fivefold less than those of total PCBs. 4-hydroxy-2,2Ј,3,4Ј,5,5Ј,6-heptachlorinated biphenyl and 4-hydroxy-2,2Ј,3,4Ј,5,5Ј-hexachlorinated biphenyl were the predominant polychlorinated biphenylols, constituting 70 to 90% of the total OHPCBs. Concentrations of MeSO 2 -PCBs in liver were between 10.6 and 77 ng/g, lipid weight, approximately 250 times less than those of total PCBs. The MeSO 2 -PCBs congeners retained in the liver were dominated by those having the methylsulfonyl group in the 3-position.

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Persistent synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbons in albatross tissue samples from midway atoll

Cited by 28 publications

References 35 publications

Non- and Mono-ortho Chlorinated Biphenyls

Non- and Mono-ortho Chlorinated Biphenyls

PCBS, DDE, DDT, and TCDD‐EQ in two species of albatross on Sand Island, Midway Atoll, North Pacific Ocean

Hydroxylated and methylsulfonyl polychlorinated biphenyl metabolites in albatrosses from Midway Atoll, North Pacific Ocean

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