Persistent toxic substances in soils and waters along an altitudinal gradient in the Laja River Basin, Central Southern Chile

Barra, Ricardo; Popp, Peter; Quiroz, Roberto; Bauer, Coretta; Cid, Hernán Fernández; Tümpling, Wolf von

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.09.050

Cited by 98 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In 1998, total aromatic hydrocarbons (61.8 ± 2.7 mg/kg) were found in surface soils in the city of Talcahuano, although no relationship was found between soil texture and the concentrations of these pollutants 2,3) . More recent reports, in soil samples from the Laja river basin reports quite low concentrations both of chlorinated compounds and Polyciclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), in the latter case the highest concentrations were found nearby of a saw mill area 4) Several studies have focused on the factors responsible for the adsorption processes of persistent organochlorine compounds 5) . For example, when the partition coefficient (Koc) surpasses 100,000, the compounds are adsorbed by the soil with greater force.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, some organizations estimate that DDT, Aldrin, and Dieldrin have a Koc of 10 5 7) . The adsorption coefficients of PAHs with low molecular weights oscillate between 10 3 and 10 4 ; intermediate molecular weight PAHs have adsorption coefficients of 10 4 , and those with high molecular weights are between 10 5 and 10 6 7) . The factors that intervene in the adsorption process of these organic compounds 1,6,9,10) are clay type and content, organic matter, and humidity, even in sediments from lake systems 10,11) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrocarbons and Organochlorine Pesticides in Soils of the Urban Ecosystem of Chillán and Chillán Viejo, Chile

Henríquez¹,

Becerra²,

Barra³

et al. 2006

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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Although traditional soil use in Chillán and Chillán Viejo is agricultural, both cities have seen their surrounding areas expand and change drastically. Economic activities have increased, including phytosanitary companies and petroleum derivatives used in agriculture and transport. This has had a large impact on the soil.The present work studies total hydrocarbon contamination (lineal and polycyclic aromatics) and chlorine pesticides (Aldrin, Dieldrin, DDT, and DDE) in surface soils near potential sources of pollution.The concentration of total hydrocarbons in the majority of the samples analyzed is between 0.1 and 70 mg/kg. Only 8.8 % exceed 70 mg/kg., indicating the need for recovery before use, according international regulations.The pesticide Aldrin was found in 41.2 % of the soil samples, DDT in 32.4 %, Dieldrin in 29.4%, and DDE in 2.9%. These levels exceed the maximum limits established for ecological improvement in Chile. Amongst themselves, total hydrocarbons correlated with total pesticides and with DDT, but not with Aldrin or Dieldrin. Correlations were also found for total pesticides with DDT and Aldrin, and strong correlations were observed for DDT with Aldrin, and Aldrin with Dieldrin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocarbons and Organochlorine Pesticides in Soils of the Urban Ecosystem of Chillán and Chillán Viejo, Chile

Henríquez¹,

Becerra²,

Barra³

et al. 2006

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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“…14 For example, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was not concentrated at higher elevations in the soils of the Andes Mountains. 15 The composition and concentrations of POPs differed between the Alps and the Andes, with greater deposition at higher elevations found only in the Alps. 13 The thermodynamic theory does not adequately explain mountain cold trapping, and the driving forces for the altitudinal distribution of POPs are still unclear.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Forest Filter Effect versus Cold Trapping Effect on the Altitudinal Distribution of PCBs: A Case Study of Mt. Gongga, Eastern Tibetan Plateau

Liu

Zheng

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Mountains are observed to preferentially accumulate persistent organic pollutants (POPs) at higher altitude due to the cold condensation effect. Forest soils characterized by high organic carbon are important for terrestrial storage of POPs. To investigate the dominant factor controlling the altitudinal distribution of POPs in mountainous areas, we measured concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in different environmental matrices (soil, moss, and air) from nine elevations on the eastern slope of Mt. Gongga, the highest mountain in Sichuan Province on the Tibetan Plateau. The concentrations of 24 measured PCBs ranged from 41 to 510 pg/g dry weight (dw) (mean: 260 pg/g dw) in the O-horizon soil, 280 to 1200 pg/g dw (mean: 740 pg/g dw) in moss, and 33 to 60 pg/m 3 (mean: 47 pg/m 3 ) in air. Soil organic carbon was a key determinant explaining 75% of the variation in concentration along the altitudinal gradient. Across all of the sampling sites, the average contribution of the forest filter effect (FFE) was greater than that of the mountain cold trapping effect based on principal components analysis and multiple linear regression. Our results deviate from the thermodynamic theory involving cold condensation at high altitudes of mountain areas and highlight the importance of the FFE.

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“…Many studies have been conducted worldwide to assess POP levels and distribution in mountain areas (e.g. Grimalt et al 2001;Barra et al 2005;Wang et al 2006Wang et al , 2007Nizzetto et al 2008;Moeckel et al 2008;Tremolada et al 2009a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in air and soil from a high-altitude pasture in the Italian Alps: evidence of CB-209 contamination

Tremolada

Guazzoni

Comolli

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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This study analyses the seasonal trend of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) concentrations in air and soil from a high-altitude mountain pasture in the Italian Alps. PCB concentrations in soil were generally comparable to background levels and were lower than those previously measured in the same area. Only CB-209 unexpectedly showed high concentrations with respect to the other congeners. GC-MS-MS identification was very clear, rising a new problem of increasing PCB contamination concerning only CB-209, which is not present in commercial mixtures used in the past in Italy and Europe. Considering all of the congeners, seasonal PCB trends were observed both in air and in soil that were related to the temperature and precipitation measured specifically in the study area. Highly significant relationships were found between the temperature-normalised concentrations in soil and the precipitation amounts. A north/south enrichment factor was present only in soil with rapid early summer revolatilisation kinetics from soil to air and autumn redeposition events from air to soil. Fugacity ratio calculations confirmed these trends. Surface soils respond rapidly to meteorological variables, while subsurface soils respond much more slowly. Seasonal trends were different for the northern and southern sides of the mountain. A detailed picture of the interactions among temperature, precipitation, mountain aspects and soil features was obtained.

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Persistent toxic substances in soils and waters along an altitudinal gradient in the Laja River Basin, Central Southern Chile

Cited by 98 publications

References 25 publications

Hydrocarbons and Organochlorine Pesticides in Soils of the Urban Ecosystem of Chillán and Chillán Viejo, Chile

Hydrocarbons and Organochlorine Pesticides in Soils of the Urban Ecosystem of Chillán and Chillán Viejo, Chile

Forest Filter Effect versus Cold Trapping Effect on the Altitudinal Distribution of PCBs: A Case Study of Mt. Gongga, Eastern Tibetan Plateau

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in air and soil from a high-altitude pasture in the Italian Alps: evidence of CB-209 contamination

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