Persistent toxic substances: sources, fates and effects

Wong, Ming Hung; Armour, Margaret-Ann; Naidu, Ravi; Man, Ming

doi:10.1515/reveh-2012-0040

Cited by 38 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Furthermore, because of their ability to interfere with endogenous hormone receptors, they are also categorized as endocrine disrupters [6]. Epidemiological studies as well as animal studies indicate neurological and developmental disturbances associated with PCB exposure [7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

PCB Concentrations and Dioxin‐like Activity in Blood Samples from Danish School Children and Their Mothers living in Urban and Rural Areas

Mørck

Erdmann

Long

et al. 2014

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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Human exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is of major concern due to a diversity of adverse effects from prolonged exposure and bioaccumulation. Manufacturing of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a subgroup of POPs, has been prohibited for many decades; however, human exposure still occurs due to the persistent nature of the chemicals. The concentrations of the dioxin-like PCB congeners 105, 118 and 156 and the non-dioxin-like PCB congeners 28, 52, 101, 138, 153 and 180, pHCB and b-HCH as well as the dioxin-like activity using the AhR transactivity assay were analysed in blood samples from Danish schoolchildren and their mothers in the European framework of the DEMOCOPHES/COPHES projects. The participants were selected from an urban and a rural area, respectively. The PCB concentrations and the AhR-TEQ (TCDD toxic equivalent) were significantly higher in schoolchildren living in the urban area compared with the rural, and for AhR-TEQ, a strong correlation between the mothers and children was observed. We found a significant negative correlation between BMI and PCB concentrations in the children. Finally, in the mothers, there was a positive association between age and PCB concentration. These results show that both PCBs and dioxin-like activity can be measured as biomarkers of exposure and effects in blood samples from children and women. The results indicate that people living in urban areas may be exposed to higher concentrations of PCBs, dioxins and dioxin-like chemicals, which may lead to a greater risk of adverse effects for urban populations.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

PCB Concentrations and Dioxin‐like Activity in Blood Samples from Danish School Children and Their Mothers living in Urban and Rural Areas

Mørck

Erdmann

Long

et al. 2014

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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“…The trihalomethanes which include Bromodichloromethane (CHBrCl 2 ), bromoform (CHBr 3 ), chloroform (CHCl 3 ) and dibromochloromethane (CHBr 2 Cl) are the organohalogens classified as persistent bioaccumulative toxins (PBT) (Wong et al, 2012). Despite this, they are widespread and detected in most surface water bodies.…”

Section: Trihalomethanes and Plant Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Analysis on the Physiological Effects of the Physical and Chemical Properties of the Trihalomethanes on Nutrient Levels, Oxidative Stress and Sterol Compositions of Leaf Oils in Solanum Lycopersicum Cultivars

Akande

Fatoki

Odendaal

et al. 2018

American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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Trihalomethane group of disinfection by-products was used to evaluate the magnitude of physiological changes induced on nutrient levels, oxidative stress and phytosterol content in two tomato cultivars. The tomato cultivars were grown as potted plants in a greenhouse and exposed to the varying concentrations of trihalomethanes and organochlorines via irrigation water for a period of 30 days. The concentration levels of nitrogen, potassium and boron in both cultivars significantly (p<0.05) decreased with increasing chlorination. A significant (p<0.05) increase in total polyphenol content, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and guaiacol peroxidase activity was observed in both cultivars. Increase in chlorination could probably be partly responsible for the induction of a greater antioxidant response, as well as the increased free phytosterol content in the tomatoes leaf oils, while β-sitosterol content decreased. In general, the magnitude of the effect of the increasing number of chlorine atoms in the trihalomethane structure were greater than the effects of increasing concentration on nutrient levels. Although, trihalomethanes induced significant physiological changes in some of the measured parameters, no plant mortality was recorded even at the highest concentrations.

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“…In conclusion, the student can learn that plastics and polymers can be easily characterized by IR spectroscopy. While the polylactide polymer is biodegradable, the tin catalyst is toxic (Wong et al 2012), and thus, further research is required to identify a less toxic and more environmentally friendly catalyst. The Green principles that are featured here include: (i) high atom economy, (ii) the generation of a biodegradable product, (iii) the use of renewable feedstocks (i.e.…”

Section: Figure 5 Atr-ir Spectra Household Polymers With Different mentioning

confidence: 99%

Teaching Green Chemistry Principles to Undergraduate Students

Rozov¹,

Brescia²,

Valdez³

et al. 2015

AJS

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The environment is affected by the actions of mankind in multitudinous ways, many of which are detrimental, giving rise to pollution and toxic waste, ultimately making our planet less inhabitable. While remediation and new regulations help to prevent pollution and toxic waste, there is also a need to change the behavior of future generations of consumers and producers of new products. Future chemists and innovators are charged with the responsibility of developing new chemical processes and products that not only meet the needs of our growing population (in terms of energy, clean water and food), but also protect human health and the environment. Green Chemistry is a revolution in the design of molecules that provides new opportunities for economic development while considering the impact on health and the environment. Green Chemistry utilizes a set of guiding principles, originally provided by Anastas and Warner (Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, 1998), aimed at decreasing/removing the use/generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of products. To help improve the creative and innovative thinking behind Green Chemistry, it is important to expose chemistry students to these principles at the undergraduate level. While suitable Green Chemistry experiments are known, successful implementation requires running test trials and performing additional basic research. We have embarked upon the testing and further design of experiments for implementation into an undergraduate laboratory course and report our results in this endeavor.

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Persistent toxic substances: sources, fates and effects

Cited by 38 publications

References 32 publications

PCB Concentrations and Dioxin‐like Activity in Blood Samples from Danish School Children and Their Mothers living in Urban and Rural Areas

PCB Concentrations and Dioxin‐like Activity in Blood Samples from Danish School Children and Their Mothers living in Urban and Rural Areas

A Comparative Analysis on the Physiological Effects of the Physical and Chemical Properties of the Trihalomethanes on Nutrient Levels, Oxidative Stress and Sterol Compositions of Leaf Oils in Solanum Lycopersicum Cultivars

Teaching Green Chemistry Principles to Undergraduate Students

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