Personal hygiene practices and socio-economic conditions as influential factors for intestinal parasitic infection in Dhaka city dwellers

Bhuiyan, Aminul Islam; Jhinu, Zannatun Nahar; Jaliluzzaman,; Mukutmoni, Mandira

doi:10.3329/bjz.v47i1.42028

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The prevalence of STH in Bangladeshi children also remained high up until 2005 when a survey estimated that 80% of those examined were infected with at least one kind of STH [ 31 ]. In a more recent study [ 59 ], half the people tested in Bangladesh were still positive for STH, while the rate was up to 90% among those living in the worst conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early life, life course and gender influences on levels of C-reactive protein among migrant Bangladeshis in the UK

Begum

Cooper

Nahar

et al. 2021

Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health

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Background and objectives Humans co-evolved with pathogens, especially helminths, that educate the immune system during development and lower inflammatory responses. Absence of such stimuli in industrialized countries is associated with higher baseline, adult levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) who appear at greater risk for inflammatory disorders. This cross-sectional study examined effects of early life development on salivary CRP levels in 452 British-Bangladeshis who spent varying periods growing up in Bangladesh or UK. We also analyzed how gender and central obesity modulate effects on CRP. We hypothesized that: (i) first-generation Bangladeshis with higher childhood exposure to pathogens would have chronically lower CRP levels than second-generation British-Bangladeshis; (ii) effects would be greater with early childhoods in Bangladesh; (iii) effects by gender would differ; and (iv) increasing obesity would mitigate early life effects. Methodology Saliva samples were analyzed for CRP using ELISAs, and anthropometric data collected. Participants completed questionnaires about demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle and health histories. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results First-generation migrants who spent early childhoods in mostly rural, unhygienic areas, and moved to UK after age 8, had lower salivary CRP compared to the second-generation. Effects differed by gender, while waist circumference predicted higher CRP levels. CRP increased with years in UK, alongside growing obesity. Conclusions and implications Our study supports the hypothesis that pathogen exposure in early life lowers inflammatory responses in adults. However, protective effects differed by gender and can be eroded by growing obesity across the life course which elevates risks for other inflammatory disorders. Lay Summary Migrants to the UK who spent early childhoods in less hygienic environments in Bangladesh that help to educate their immune systems had lower levels of the inflammatory marker, C-reactive protein (CRP) compared to migrants who grew up in UK. Both gender and increasing obesity were associated with increased levels of CRP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early life, life course and gender influences on levels of C-reactive protein among migrant Bangladeshis in the UK

Begum

Cooper

Nahar

et al. 2021

Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health

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“…The community, parents and schools all have a similar concern for the health of school-age children. A child needs to be healthy in order to study and school is a crucial setting where they learn to be healthy in addition to their homes 7 . There are connections between health and education as development tools.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of Pharmacology, Khulna City Medical College, Khulna, Bangladesh. 7 Mahmuda Khandaker, Associate Professor, Dept. of Microbiology, Shaheed Monsur Ali Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hand Washing Practice among Secondary School Students in a Rural Area of Bangladesh

Sultana,

Akhter,

Salim

et al. 2024

Eastern Med. Coll. J.

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Background: Human hands play a significant role in the spread of diseases, especially respiratory and diarrheal diseases, which continue to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. Hand washing is the most widely used preventive measure to lessen the spread of infectious diseases. It involves washing hands with ordinary or antimicrobial soap and water. This is especially important for school-age children, since they may be more susceptible to diseases associated with poor hygiene than adults’ age. There is evidence linking the promotion of hand washing habits through health education to a lower incidence of communicable diseases in school-age children. Objectives: To determine the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents and to find out the practice of hand washing among the secondary school children. Materials & Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 340 school students from 1st June 2022 to 30th November 2022 in Alekjan Memorial High School and College, Durgapur, Adarsha Sadar, Cumilla. Purposive sampling was used to gather all pertinent data using a structured questionnaire. Results: In schools, 69.7% of the respondents washed their hands properly. 96.7% of them used soap to wash their hands. About 98.2%, 95%, 86.8%, 82.9% and 80.3% of school children reported that they wash their hands before eating, after using the restroom, after eating, after playing and after working. Conclusion: According to the study, having access to soap and water is necessary for good hand washing technique as the majority of the students used soap during hand washing. By installing hand washing stations in schools, the regional government, that is, the education and health bureaus-should enhance the hand washing practices in schools. It is important for parents and other family members to focus more on behavior guidance related to hand washing. Eastern Med Coll J. July 2023; 8 (2): 40-44

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Improved household flooring is associated with lower odds of enteric and parasitic infections in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Legge,

Pullan,

Sartorius

2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Enteric and parasitic infections such as soil-transmitted helminths cause considerable mortality and morbidity in low- and middle-income settings. Earthen household floors are common in many of these settings and could serve as a reservoir for enteric and parasitic pathogens, which can easily be transmitted to new hosts through direct or indirect contact. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to establish whether and to what extent improved household floors decrease the odds of enteric and parasitic infections among occupants compared with occupants living in households with unimproved floors. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we comprehensively searched four electronic databases for studies in low- and middle-income settings measuring household flooring as an exposure and self-reported diarrhoea or any type of enteric or intestinal-parasitic infection as an outcome. Metadata from eligible studies were extracted and transposed on to a study database before being imported into the R software platform for analysis. Study quality was assessed using an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. In total 110 studies were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review, of which 65 were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis after applying study quality cut-offs. Random-effects meta-analysis suggested that households with improved floors had 0.75 times (95CI: 0.67–0.83) the odds of infection with any type of enteric or parasitic infection compared with household with unimproved floors. Improved floors gave a pooled protective OR of 0.68 (95CI: 0.58–0.8) for helminthic infections and 0.82 OR (95CI: 0.75–0.9) for bacterial or protozoan infections. Overall study quality was poor and there is an urgent need for high-quality experimental studies investigating this relationship. Nevertheless, this study indicates that household flooring may meaningfully contribute towards a substantial portion of the burden of disease for enteric and parasitic infections in low- and middle-income settings.

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Personal hygiene practices and socio-economic conditions as influential factors for intestinal parasitic infection in Dhaka city dwellers

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Early life, life course and gender influences on levels of C-reactive protein among migrant Bangladeshis in the UK

Early life, life course and gender influences on levels of C-reactive protein among migrant Bangladeshis in the UK

Hand Washing Practice among Secondary School Students in a Rural Area of Bangladesh

Improved household flooring is associated with lower odds of enteric and parasitic infections in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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