1981
DOI: 10.1080/00224545.1981.9922746
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Personal Space Violations as A Function of Height

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Cited by 42 publications
(26 citation statements)
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“…Two human studies [4], [5] and one robot study [11] suggested that tall agents require more space than short agents when interacting with adults, this is depicted in Figure 1. The studies typically rely on the stop distance technique for measuring the size of the preferred personal space [1] and an approach speed of 0.2 m/s [6].…”
Section: A Psychological Studiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Two human studies [4], [5] and one robot study [11] suggested that tall agents require more space than short agents when interacting with adults, this is depicted in Figure 1. The studies typically rely on the stop distance technique for measuring the size of the preferred personal space [1] and an approach speed of 0.2 m/s [6].…”
Section: A Psychological Studiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The study also contributed the stop distance technique, where the prisoners were told to stand in place while they were approached by an experimenter and then say "Stop" when they were uncomfortable being approached any closer. Caplan and Goldman [4] performed an observational study in a train station to determine whether height had an effect on space interactions in public places. Four experimenters were used: a tall male (1.88 m), a short male (1.65 m), a tall female (1.8 m), and a short female (1.57 m).…”
Section: A Psychological Studiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Caplan and Goldman [18] studied personal space violations as a function of height in human-human interactions. This study showed that people were more likely to invade the personal space of a short person over a tall person, regardless of gender.…”
Section: Agent Factorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Angle of approach was covered by Adams and Zuckerman [2], Kinzel [7], Walters, Koay, et al [15], and Syrdal, Dautenhahn, et al [10]. Height of agent was studied by Caplan and Goldman [18], Hartnett [13], Butler and Agah [17], Walters, Koay, et al [15], and Oosterhout and Visser [16]. Speed of approach was tested by Pacchierotti, Christensen, and Jensfelt [14] and Butler and Agah [17].…”
Section: Agent Factorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…That is, tall women (as a group) tend to be seen as more dominant than short women (Boyson, Pryor & Butler 1999). As a corollary, Caplan and Goldman (1981) reported that people generally prefer to violate the personal space of short females more than they do tall women. Women also tend to be more accurate at making estimations of people's height from a distance (Gonzalez 2003).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%