Personality and aggression: A contribution of the General Aggression Model

Cavalcanti, Jaqueline Gomes; Pimentel, Carlos Eduardo

doi:10.1590/1982-02752016000300008

Cited by 35 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In both cultures, we found that increased positivity to vengeance was associated with lower agreeableness and higher neuroticism, as found in previous studies (McCullough et al, 2001;McCullough & Hoyt, 2002). Low agreeableness is related to aggressiveness, emphatic deficits, and difficulties developing close relationships and selfishness -all characteristics that can accentuate a willingness to take revenge (Cavalcanti & Pimentel, 2016;Ruggi et al, 2012). High neuroticism predisposes people to more intensely experience negative emotions, such as anger, and to ruminate about negative events, which may elicit strong negative emotions and reactions towards a transgressor (Barber, Maltby, & Macaskill, 2005;McCullough & Hoyt, 2002).…”

Section: Correlations With Personalitysupporting

confidence: 87%

Psychometric parameters of an abbreviated vengeance scale across two countries

Coelho

Monteiro

Hanel

et al. 2018

Personality and Individual Differences

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We propose a short and ultrashort version of the Vengeance Scale (Stuckless & Goranson, 1992). Across three samples, good psychometric properties and convergent validity for the new scales were found. Study 1 found in a Brazilian sample that the original 20 items can be reduced to both a 10 and 5 item version (VS-10 and VS-5), without losing psychometric quality. In Study 2, the one-factorial structure was confirmed in a Brazilian and a British sample. Also, (partial) measurement invariance was established across gender and countries for the VS-10, but not for the VS-5. Across both samples, the short-versions correlated as expected with the Big-5, Big-6, and Dark Triad. Overall, the 10-and 5-item versions of the vengeance scale exhibited comparable reliabilities and validities to the full version.

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Section: Correlations With Personalitysupporting

confidence: 87%

Psychometric parameters of an abbreviated vengeance scale across two countries

Coelho

Monteiro

Hanel

et al. 2018

Personality and Individual Differences

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“…Τα ευρήματα αυτά συνάδουν με το ΓΜΕ (βλ. επίσης Barlett & Anderson, 2012· Cavalcanti & Pimentel, 2016. Ωστόσο, μέσω της παρούσας ανα-σκόπησης αναδείχτηκαν επίσης ορισμένες διαδραστικές σχέσεις, οι οποίες δεν λαμβάνονται υπόψη από το συγκεκριμένο θεωρητικό πλαίσιο (π.χ.…”

Section: συμπεράσματαunclassified

“…Ωστόσο, σε αρκετές περιπτώσεις η υπάρ-χουσα βιβλιογραφία επικεντρώνεται στη μελέτη άμεσων σχέσεων συγκεκριμένων παραγό-ντων και μηχανισμών με τη συμμετοχή σε περιστατικά εκφοβισμού/θυματοποίησης και όχι στις αλληλεπιδραστικές σχέσεις πολλαπλών μεταβλητών (Ettekal et al, 2015). Εντούτοις, δεν είναι λίγες οι έρευνες στον διεθνή και ελληνικό χώρο που έχουν στραφεί στη μελέτη διαδρα-στικών σχέσεων μεταξύ ατομικών, καταστασιακών παραγόντων και ενδιάμεσων μηχανι-σμών/διαδικασιών, που μπορεί να συμβάλλουν στην εκδήλωση ΠΕ/ΚΕ και ΠΘ/ΚΘ (Andreou & Metallidou, 2004· Barlett & Anderson, 2012· Cavalcanti & Pimentel, 2016· Kokkinos, Karagianni et al, 2016· Kokkinos, Voulgaridou, Mandrali, & Parousidou, 2016 · · Papadaki & Giovazolias, 2015 · Smack, Kushner, & Tackett, 2015). Συνεπώς, η παρούσα ανασκόπηση συνθέτει και παρουσιάζει κριτικά ερευνητικά ευ-ρήματα που αφορούν τόσο άμεσες όσο και έμμεσες σχέσεις παραγόντων και διαδικασιών που συνδέονται με τα εν λόγω φαινόμενα.…”

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Εκφοβισμός Και Θυματοποίηση: Βιβλιογραφική Ανασκόπηση Ερευνητικών Ευρημάτων Από Τον Ελληνικό Χώρο

Kokkinos

Karagianni

2017

Ppej

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The current review aims at providing an understanding of factors implicated in traditional and cyber-bullying/victimization (TB, TV, CB, CV). More specifically, the purpose of the present review is to critically analyze and synthesize empirical findings from Greek samples and organize them within the theoretical framework of General Aggression Model (GAM). According to the GAM, some person and situational factors based on pre-existing knowledge structures could lead to specific behavioral outcomes through cognitive, affective and arousal routes. The interplay among these routes reflecting the individual’s internal state may be associated with appraisal and decision- making processes which in turn may be linked to bullying or victimization experiences. Using the GAM as a theoretical framework, a synthetic review of past empirical research of person and situational factors related to TB/TV and CB/CV is presented. Socio-demographic (e.g., gender, age, academic achievement), personality factors (e.g., big five, psychopathic traits, self-esteem, emotional intelligence, social intelligence, sensation seeking, empathy), psychological states (e.g., depression), attachment style, online disinhibition, skills (e.g., social/internet), maladaptive behaviors (e.g., Specific Learning Difficulties), beliefs (e.g., low self-efficacy), and values/perceptions (e.g., moral disengagement), (i.e. person factors), as well as specific parenting styles/practices, low friendship quality, and perceived school climate (i.e. situational factors) are proposed as risk factors of such experiences. Furthermore, possible mechanisms and processes (i.e. present internal state; cognition, affect, arousal), which may serve as routes for both TB/TV and CB/CV experiences are described. In this vein, Hostile Attribution Bias, Theory of Mind, expectation of reward and expectation of victim suffering (i.e. social cognition) are suggested as paths through which specific individual or situational factors could lead to bullying and victimization. The present review also focuses on appraisal and decision-making processes, and specifically on coping strategies, through which individual and situational factors, as well as present internal states, could be linked to bullying and victimization. Moreover, some possible psychological and behavioral consequences (e.g., low self-esteem, internalizing and externalizing problems, aggressive behaviors) of experiencing TB/TV and CB/CV are suggested. Overall, the present review provides indications that some person and situational factors, which in many cases are common in both physical contexts and cyberspace, could be associated through specific processes to TB/TV and CB/CV. However, there are some differentiations among the factors linked with TB/TV and CB/CV suggesting that these phenomena, although partially related, may not be similar. The factors and processes, which could lead to aggression, seem also to be in line with the GAM. However, some empirical findings attest that a cluster of person, cognitive and emotional factors, as well as appraisal processes might interact (e.g., personality, social cognition and coping factors) to predict specific behavioral outcomes such as bullying and aggressive behaviors. These interactive relationships are not currently considered by the GAM. Thus, the present review provides further insights into the strengths and the limitations of the aforementioned theoretical framework. In this direction, it underlines the need for reconsidering past theory and integrating several theoretical models, in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors and mechanisms implicated in bullying and victimization experiences. Some possible explanations about the proposed linkages are provided, while limitations and suggestions for future studies are discussed.

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“…According to this model, media content (e.g., violent or prosocial video game) affects the processing of new information by activating at least one of three routes: cognitions, arousal, and affect. This process results in cognitions (positive or negative thoughts), which in turn results in behaviours (Anderson & Bushman 2002;Anderson & Dill, 2000;Cavalcanti & Pimentel, 2016;DeWall, Anderson, & Bushman, 2011;Greitemeyer & Osswald, 2009;Tear & Nielsen, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of video games on positive and negative cognitions

Mariano¹,

Gouveia²,

Pimentel³

2020

RPI

Self Cite

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Os efeitos dos videogames atraíram a atenção de muitos pesquisadores em psicologia, especialmente quando se sugere comportamentos agressivos relacionados a jogos violentos. Os jogos com conteúdo pró-sociais despertaram menos atenção, mas as pesquisas na área revelam que os jogos pró-sociais aumentam as cognições positivas e que os jogos violentos aumentam a incidência de cognições agressivas. O objetivo do atual estudo foi verificar o efeito de jogos violentos e pró-sociais sobre as cognições dos jogadores dentro de dois dias de experimentos. Para este fim, 30 participantes estudantes de graduação jogaram durante 20 minutos um tipo de jogo em cada dia de experimento e responderam a uma tarefa de associação livre de palavras para categorizar suas cognições em positivas ou negativas. Os principais achados mostraram que os jogos violentos aumentaram a ocorrência de cognições negativas, mas os jogos pró-sociais não aumentaram as cognições pró-sociais. Por fim, essas descobertas são discutidas com base em pesquisas anteriores sobre o efeito de jogos de videogames violentos e pró-sociais.

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Personality and aggression: A contribution of the General Aggression Model

Cited by 35 publications

References 32 publications

Psychometric parameters of an abbreviated vengeance scale across two countries

Psychometric parameters of an abbreviated vengeance scale across two countries

Εκφοβισμός Και Θυματοποίηση: Βιβλιογραφική Ανασκόπηση Ερευνητικών Ευρημάτων Από Τον Ελληνικό Χώρο

The effect of video games on positive and negative cognitions

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