Personality and motor activity: a psychophysiological perspective

Stelmack, Robert M.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-4912-6_9

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Another view of the slower RT for higher neuroticism scorers is suggested by their association with smaller CNV amplitude. First, there is a good deal of evidence that high-anxious subjects exhibit smaller CNV amplitude (Stelmack, 1985). CNV amplitude is widely regarded as an electrophysiological index of anticipation and preparation to act, especially motor action.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analyses of individual differences in the response to sensory stimulation and in the expression of motor responses are important sources of evidence for several proposals that have been put forward in the explanation of personality differences, notably extraversion, impulsiveness, and anxiety (Barratt, 1972;Brebner & Cooper, 1974;H. J. Eysenck, 1957;Newman, 1987;Stelmack, 1985). The present article aims to articulate differences in the processing of stimuli and production of responses that are relevant to the biological bases of those personality dimensions by exploiting relatively recent refinements in eventrelated potential (ERP) and reaction time (RT) measures that are recorded during the performance of simple cognitive tasks.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Personality, reaction time, and event-related potentials.

Stelmack

Houlihan²,

McGarry-Roberts³

1993

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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109

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Reaction time (RT), movement time (MT), and the amplitude and latency of the P300 event-related potential were recorded from 30 Ss during the performance of 6 simple cognitive tasks. Extraversion was negatively associated with MT, a result that endorses the view that extraversion is determined, in part, by individual differences in motor mechanisms. Higher neuroticism scores were associated with faster P300 latency, a measure that is regarded as an index of stimulus evaluation time that is independent of response production. Paradoxically, higher neuroticism scores were associated with slower RT, a measure that is also regarded as an index of speed of information processing. Higher psychoticism scores were associated with smaller P300 amplitude, an effect that may be indicative of less attentional effort invested in the tasks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality, reaction time, and event-related potentials.

Stelmack

Houlihan²,

McGarry-Roberts³

1993

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Self Cite

109

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“…Several behavioural and psychophysiological studies demonstrated greater sensory reaction to simple physical stimulation for introverts than for extraverts (e.g., Dornic & Ekehammar, 1990;Geen, 1984;Kohn, 1987;Smith, 1968;Stelmack, 1981Stelmack, , 1990Stelmack, Achorn, & Michaud, 1977;Stenberg, Rosen, & Risberg, 1990). Furthermore, there is a good deal of evidence that affirms differences between introverts and extraverts in their performance on various tasks that assess speed of responding and motor control (e.g., Barratt, 1967;Brebner, 1985;Doucet & Stelmack, 1997Rammsayer, 1995;Stelmack, 1985;Stelmack, Houlihan, & McGarry-Roberts, 1993). A pharmacopsychological study by Rammsayer, Netter, and Vogel (1993) provided the first evidence for a DA-related neural process that appears to be implicated in the mediation of both the sensory and the motor effects that distinguish introverts and extraverts.…”

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confidence: 99%

NMDA Receptor Activity and the Transmission of Sensory Input into Motor Output in Introverts and Extraverts

Rammsayer¹

2003

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B

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Recent research suggests that individual differences in brain dopamine functioning may be related to the personality dimension of extraversion. The major goal of the present study was to answer the question of whether a pharmacologically induced change in glutamatergic NMDA receptor activity would also differentially affect the transmission of sensory input into motor out-put in introverts and extraverts. Therefore, in a double-blind within-subjects design, either 30 mg of the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine or placebo were administered to 48 healthy male volunteers before performing a choice reaction-time task. In introverts, memantine caused a pronounced increase in lift-off time (i.e., the time required to lift the finger from a home button) compared to that in extraverts, whereas movement time (i.e., the time required to move the finger from the home button to a response button) was decreased in both groups. The pattern of results suggests that extraversion-related differential sensitivity to pharmacologically induced changes in NMDA receptor activity is limited to functions that involve an interaction between the glutamatergic and dopaminergic systems.

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“…These effects appear to meld with the preference of introverts for quiet and solitude (Campbell & Hawley, 1982;Dornic & Ekehammar, 1990) and with their tendency toward withdrawal as a coping strategy in stressful social situations (Endler & Parker, 1990). Second, introverts and extraverts are shown to differ in their expression of motor behavior on a variety of tasks that require a simple motor response, with extraverts tending to initiate faster and more frequent responses than introverts (Stelmack, 1985). These effects also appear consistent with, the disposition of extraverts to greater spontaneity, social disinhibition, impulsiveness (Barratt & Patton, 1983;Eysenck & Eysenck, 1991;Newman, 1987), and general physical activity compared with introverts (Eysenck, Nias, & Cox, 1982).…”

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An event-related potential analysis of extraversion and individual differences in cognitive processing speed and response execution.

Doucet¹,

Stelmack²

2000

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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113

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individual differences in cognitive processing speed and response execution were examined in relation to extraversion. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded concurrently with reaction time and movement time (MT) measures as participants (N = 67) performed simple reaction time and stimulusresponse compatibility tasks. Slower processing speed for extraverts, as indicated by longer latency of a late positive ERP wave, P3, was only evident in conditions in which stimulus information was in conflict with response selection demands. As previously reported, the salient effect in all conditions of both tasks was faster MT for extraverts, an effect that is indicative of differences in fundamental motor processes, On the simple reaction time task, amplitudes of the Nl component, an early negative ERP wave, were smaller for extraverts than for introverts in response to auditory tones, an effect that affirms the enhanced sensory reactivity of introverts to punctate physical stimuli.

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Personality and motor activity: a psychophysiological perspective

Cited by 12 publications

References 74 publications

Personality, reaction time, and event-related potentials.

Personality, reaction time, and event-related potentials.

NMDA Receptor Activity and the Transmission of Sensory Input into Motor Output in Introverts and Extraverts

An event-related potential analysis of extraversion and individual differences in cognitive processing speed and response execution.

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