Personality and Physical Functioning Among Older Adults: The Moderating Role of Education

Jaconelli, Alban; Stéphan, Yannick; Canada, Brice; Chapman, Benjamin P.

doi:10.1093/geronb/gbs094

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In another sample, Openness, Extraversion, and Neuroticism moderated associations between stress and health behaviors (Korotkov, 2008). In a French sample, although Neuroticism related to worse physical functioning, this effect was amplified at low levels of education and diminished at high levels of education (Jaconelli, Stephan, Canada, & Chapman, 2013). In a group of children and adolescents, associations between prosocial behavior, externalizing problems, internalizing problems, and grades were moderated by the early family environment, with effects being stronger in more difficult circumstances (Slobodskaya, Ashmetova, & Rippinen, 2014).…”

Section: Moderatorsmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Oxford Handbook of the Five Factor Model

Widiger¹

2015

Oxford Handbooks Online

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The Five-Factor Model (FFM) is arguably the predominant model of general personality structure. There is a considerable body of research supporting its construct validity and practical application. There have been a few books specifically concerning the FFM, but to date there has not yet been a text that brings together in one location all that is known about the FFM. The book begins with an overview chapter on the FFM, followed by in-depth discussions regarding the nature, etiology, importance, and mechanisms of each of the FFM domains. The vast body of research concerning the construct-validity support for the FFM is then provided, including its robustness, factor analytic support, childhood antecedents, cross-language presence, cross-species presence, behavior and molecular genetics, and brain structure and function. The text then provides considerable discussion of the importance and application of the FFM across diverse social concerns, including personality assessment, business and industry, health psychology, marital-family therapy, adult psychopathology, child psychopathology, and clinical utility. There is no comparable text with this much information concerning the validity and utility of the FFM. The text concludes with a final overview chapter.

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Section: Moderatorsmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Oxford Handbook of the Five Factor Model

Widiger¹

2015

Oxford Handbooks Online

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“…Previous studies have consistently reported that emotional stability (low levels of neuroticism), extraversion, and conscientiousness are positively related to better physical functioning of older adults (Friedman, Kern, & Reynolds, 2010; Jaconelli, Stephan, Canada, & Chapman, 2013; Magee, Heaven, & Miller, 2013) and conscientious older adults are more likely to better take care of themselves and sustain a healthier lifestyle, which will lead them to age successfully (Martin, 2007). In addition, in both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, researchers have consistently reported that high levels of neuroticism or negative affectivity (e.g., anxiety, anger, depression, and hostility) have an influence on heart disease, cancer, high blood pressure, and negative health behaviors such as smoking, which can subsequently increase mortality (Aldwin, Spiro, Levenson, & Cupertino, 2001; Scheier & Bridges, 1995; Smith, Glazer, Ruiz, & Gallo, 2004).…”

Section: Personality Traits and Successful Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality Traits and Successful Aging

Baek

Martin

Siegler

et al. 2016

Int J Aging Hum Dev

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The current study attempted to describe how personality traits of older adults are associated with components of successful aging (cognition, volunteering, activities of daily living, and subjective health). Three-hundred and six octogenarians and centenarians who participated in the third phase of the Georgia Centenarian Study provided data for this study. Factor analysis was conducted to test the existence of two higher-order factors of the Big Five personality traits, and a two-factor model (alpha and beta) fit the data well. Also, blocked multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between personality traits and four components of successful aging. Results indicated that low scores on neuroticism and high scores on extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness are significantly related to the components of successful aging. After controlling for demographic variables (age, gender, residential type, and race/ethnicity), alpha (i.e., emotional stability, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) was associated with higher levels of cognition, higher likelihood of engaging in volunteer work, higher levels of activities of daily living, and higher levels of subjective health. Beta (i.e., extraversion and openness to experience) was also positively associated with cognition and engaging in volunteer work.

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“…The vulnerability model shows an ampli cation of neuroticism risk in those with low education, but a decrease of neuroticism risk for higher education. This strongely suggest the a positive association between education levels and character strengths [27] . In the adult employees, the effect of character strengths on earnings was regulated by gender, namely, women's earnings were strongly affected by character strengths, while the effect of character strengths on men's earnings was small and not always signi cant [28] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Depression mediates the effect of character strengths on subjective wellbeing of the elderly

Zhang

Torres³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: With evidence of a rapidly aging population globally, there is need to continuously address the wellbeing of this vulnerable age group. The concern of the subjective wellbeing of the elderly is essential for constructing a healthy and positive aging society. To promote the elderly’s subjective wellbeing, the role of character strengths and depression on subjective wellbeing for older adults needs to be explored. Methods: A large sample of 8839 elders from the 2017-2018 survey of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) were included. The Chinese version of the character strengths scale, the 10-item CES-D scale (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale) were applied to assess the elderly‘s character strengths and depression respectively. Self-reported quality of life (SelfQoL) and health (Selfhealth) were used to evaluate the subjective wellbeing in participants. IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 and AMOS version 23.0 were adopted to analyze the data.Results: The average age of participants was 81.27 years. Among these elderly participants, a greater character strengths levels were more evidenced and pronounced among those with a younger age, longer years of education, higher household income, greater social security and social insurance, less depression, higher SelfQoL and Selfhealth levels. Depression had a partial mediation effect of character strengths on self-reported subjective wellbeing, which explained a 36% in total variance (R2=0.36). In addition, character strengths had a statistically significant positive and direct effect on subjective wellbeing (β= 0.290, P<0.001). Furthermore, the indirect effect of character strengths to subjective wellbeing was: β=(-0.603)*(-0.378)=0.228. Conclusion: Depression is an unignored mediator that regulates the effect of character strengths on subjective wellbeing in the elderly. Character strengths and depression may be the new intervention targets to promote and enhance the elderly's subjective wellbeing. Future tailored intervention should focus on relieving the elderly's depression and promoting the development of their character strengths.

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Personality and Physical Functioning Among Older Adults: The Moderating Role of Education

Cited by 36 publications

References 17 publications

The Oxford Handbook of the Five Factor Model

The Oxford Handbook of the Five Factor Model

Personality Traits and Successful Aging

Depression mediates the effect of character strengths on subjective wellbeing of the elderly

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