Personality and socialization correlates of vicarious emotional responding.

Eisenberg, Nancy; Fabes, Richard A.; Schaller, Mark; Miller, Paul A.; Carlo, Gustavo; Poulin, Rick; Shea, Cindy; Shell, Rita

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.61.3.459

Cited by 264 publications

(254 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…Higher stress-induced anxiety and sadness in all females are consistent with previous work suggesting greater susceptibility to sadness and anxiety in women (Brody, 1999;Eisenberg et al, 1991) and greater anxiety in cocainedependent females (Back et al, 2005). Our findings that men were more reactive to the cue condition than females are consistent with some previous research.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Enhanced Emotional and Physiological Sensitivity to Stress and Drug/Alcohol Craving in Abstinent Cocaine-Dependent Individuals Compared to Socially Drinking Controls

Fox

Hong

Siedlarz

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacology

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Chronic exposure to cocaine is associated with neuroadaptions in stress and reward circuits that may increase susceptibility to relapse. We examined whether there are alterations in stress response and craving in abstinent cocaine-dependent individuals compared with a demographically matched group of non-addicted socially drinking community controls. Forty treatment-engaged abstinent cocaine patients (17F/23M) and 40 controls (19F/21M) were exposed to a brief 5 min guided imagery of individually calibrated stressful situations, personal drug/alcohol-related situation and a neutral-relaxing situation, one imagery per session, presented in random order. Craving, anxiety, emotion rating scales, and physiological measures were assessed. Cocaine patients reported significantly higher and more persistent stress-and cue-induced drug/alcohol craving, negative emotions, and physiological responses compared with social drinkers. In cocaine patients, stress-and cue-induced drug craving was accompanied by increased anger, fear, sadness, heart rate, and SBP. Controls reported minimal stress-induced craving and only increases in anxiety and SBP during stress exposure. Cue-induced alcohol craving was accompanied only by an increase in relaxed state. Females reported increased stress-induced anxiety and sadness compared with males, while males were emotionally and physiologically more reactive in the cue condition. These findings are the first to document functional alterations in stress-and reward-related affect and physiology in recently abstinent cocaine patients that is marked by an enhanced sensitivity to stress-and drug-related cue exposure. These data suggest that recovery from chronic cocaine abuse could be hampered by a hyper-responsive stress-and drug-craving state that increases cocaine relapse susceptibility.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Enhanced Emotional and Physiological Sensitivity to Stress and Drug/Alcohol Craving in Abstinent Cocaine-Dependent Individuals Compared to Socially Drinking Controls

Fox

Hong

Siedlarz

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacology

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“…Vai ao encontro da noção de empatia como conjunto de fenómenos discrimináveis entre si mas unidos por serem aspectos da reacção do próprio enquanto observador de outrém. Também semelhante a estudos prévios (Eisenberg et al, 1991;Eisenberg & Lennon, 1983;Han, Fan, & Mao, 2008;Proverbio, Adorni, Zani, & Trestianu, 2009;Schulte-Rüther, Markowitsch, Shah, Fink, & Piefke, 2008;Singer et al, 2006) foi a superioridade feminina quanto à magnitude da empatia, que se observou em todas as sub-escalas. As correlações e diferenças de sexo são também argumentos favoráveis à validade de constructo do IRI português (cf.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Medir a empatia: Adaptação portuguesa do Índice de Reactividade Interpessoal

Limpo

Alves

Castro

2013

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“…Alongside this appraisal-based analysis that highlights the similarity in the processes underlying compassion and vagal activity, we cite suggestive evidence from physiological studies of compassion and heart rate (e.g. Eisenberg et al, 1991) and research on a closely related emotion, sadness (e.g. Marsh, Beauchaine, & Wiliams, 2008).…”

Section: Compassion and Vagal Activity: Theoretical Claims And Suggesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affective and physiological responses to the suffering of others: Compassion and vagal activity.

Stellar

Cohen

Oveis

et al. 2015

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

206

180

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Compassion is an affective response to another's suffering and a catalyst of prosocial behavior.In the present studies we explore the peripheral physiological changes associated with the experience of compassion. Guided by longstanding theoretical claims, we propose that compassion is associated with activation in the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system through the vagus nerve. Across four studies, participants witnessed others suffer while we recorded physiological measures including heart rate, respiration, skin conductance, and a measure of vagal activity called respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). Participants exhibited greater RSA during the compassion induction compared to a neutral control (Study 1), another positive emotion (Study 2), and a prosocial emotion lacking appraisals of another person's suffering (Study 3). Greater RSA during the experience of compassion compared to the neutral or control emotion were often accompanied by lower heart rate and respiration, but no differences in skin conductance. In Study 4, increases in RSA during compassion positively predicted an established composite of compassion-related words, continuous self-reports of compassion, and nonverbal displays of compassion. Compassion, a core affective component of empathy and prosociality, increases parasympathetic activity. (180 Words)

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Personality and socialization correlates of vicarious emotional responding.

Abstract: We thank Robert B. Cialdini for his comments on a draft and Neal Bechtel, Joseph Campos, and Ernest Lindholm for their advice regarding technical aspects of the study.

Cited by 264 publications

References 62 publications

Enhanced Emotional and Physiological Sensitivity to Stress and Drug/Alcohol Craving in Abstinent Cocaine-Dependent Individuals Compared to Socially Drinking Controls

Enhanced Emotional and Physiological Sensitivity to Stress and Drug/Alcohol Craving in Abstinent Cocaine-Dependent Individuals Compared to Socially Drinking Controls

Medir a empatia: Adaptação portuguesa do Índice de Reactividade Interpessoal

Affective and physiological responses to the suffering of others: Compassion and vagal activity.

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