Personality Characterizations of Outpatients With Schizophrenia, Schizophrenia With Substance Abuse, and Primary Substance Abuse

Abstract

The study extended previous research on the relationship between personality traits and Axis I disorders. It examined personality differences between individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and substance abuse and also included individuals dually diagnosed with both schizophrenia and substance abuse. Comparisons were made with respect to characteristics of both normal personality, as measured by the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), and disordered personality, as measured by the Millon Multiaxial Personality Inventory. On the NEO-FFI, all groups differed significantly from the NEO-FFI normative sample on at least three personality domains. As predicted, the dual diagnosis group showed the most personality deviance and pathology. The schizophrenia group was primarily distinguished by higher levels of agreeableness, whereas the substance abuse group was more extroverted and showed a prominence of Cluster B personality patterns. An unexpected finding was an interaction between diagnostic group and age, such that older relative to younger individuals in the single diagnosis groups showed greater personality adaptivity and moderation, whereas older individuals in the dual diagnosis group showed less.

Stability of personality traits over a five-year period in Swedish patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder and non-psychotic individuals: a study using the Swedish universities scales of personality

“…Given this fact and the relative stability of the personality traits over time this is anticipated. The results are also in agreement with the majority of previous studies using other personality instruments that indicate that facets of neuroticism are particularly prominent in patients with psychotic disorders [3,8,10,11,23,24].…”

“…This makes personality an important aspect of psychosis and schizophrenia. Several studies have investigated personality in schizophrenia [8][9][10][11]. However, there is a dearth of previous studies that have analysed stability of personality traits in patients with psychotic disorder.…”

CNR1 Gene is Associated with High Neuroticism and Low Agreeableness and Interacts with Recent Negative Life Events to Predict Current Depressive Symptoms

“…Schizophrenia has also been associated with the CNR1 gene, although with conflicting results (Levinson et al, 2000;Leroy et al, 2001;Zhang et al, 2004;Chavarria-Siles et al, 2008;Hamdani et al, 2008). It is important to note that schizophrenic patients compared with depressed subjects, score just as high for neuroticism but even lower for agreeableness (Bagby et al, 1997), particularly if they have co-morbid substance abuse disorder (Reno, 2004).…”

Patología dual y rasgos de personalidad: situación actual y líneas futuras de trabajo

“…Se han encontrado puntuaciones altas en la Subescala Neuroticismo del NEO-FFI en pacientes duales con esquizofrenia (Reno, 2004) y con TDM o trastorno de ansiedad y dependencia de alcohol (Boschloo, Vogelzangs, Brink, Smit, Beekman y Penninx, 2013), respecto a los que sólo tenían el TM o sólo el TUS. Ello indicaría que son los pacientes duales quienes experimentan con más frecuencia e intensidad emociones negativas, siendo posible que se hallen relacionadas con la peor calidad de vida de estos pacientes.…”

“…Ello indicaría que son los pacientes duales quienes experimentan con más frecuencia e intensidad emociones negativas, siendo posible que se hallen relacionadas con la peor calidad de vida de estos pacientes. Reno (2004) también observó que pacientes duales con esquizofrenia o trastorno esquizoafectivo puntuaban más bajo en las dimensiones Extraversión, Agradabilidad y Conciencia del NEO-FFI respecto a los que no tenían historia de TUS. Tales puntuaciones indicarían que los pacientes con PD son menos sociables, y tienen más dificultades para ser empáticos y adecuarse a metas o normas (Costa y McRae, 1992).…”