Personality, coping and mental health among lesbian, gay, and bisexual community members

The Brief COPE: Factor Structure and Associations With Self- and Other-Directed Aggression Among Emerging Adults

“…Hypothesis 3: Consistent with amplification model approaches to understanding aggression (Capron et al, 2014; Cramer et al, 2016), we expected avoidant coping to moderate the stress–aggression link, such that the combination of high stress and high avoidant coping would yield the most elevated aggression.…”

“…Emerging adulthood theory (e.g., Arnett, 2000, 2016) and research (e.g., Lee & Dik, 2017; Thompson & Swartout, 2018) support this expected factor structure, as prominent coping strategies among emerging adults are nuanced, coming in forms such as alcohol/drug use, religiosity, and social support use. Moreover, these core coping features often impact a variety of well-being indicators. Hypothesis 2: Consistent with a positive versus negative view of coping (see Cramer et al, 2016), we hypothesized avoidant coping would be associated with poorer indicators of well-being (i.e., stress, depression, and all indicators of self- and other-directed aggression). Conversely, we expected the other three factors (i.e., problem-focused, social support, and emotion-focused coping) to be inversely associated with poorer indicators of well-being. Hypothesis 3: Consistent with amplification model approaches to understanding aggression (Capron et al, 2014; Cramer et al, 2016), we expected avoidant coping to moderate the stress–aggression link, such that the combination of high stress and high avoidant coping would yield the most elevated aggression. Exploratory analyses: Where significant interactions emerged for Hypothesis 3, we probed whether (a) the interactions varied by subtype of aggression outcome (i.e., physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility) or (b) gender. …”

“…Hypothesis 2: Consistent with a positive versus negative view of coping (see Cramer et al, 2016), we hypothesized avoidant coping would be associated with poorer indicators of well-being (i.e., stress, depression, and all indicators of self- and other-directed aggression). Conversely, we expected the other three factors (i.e., problem-focused, social support, and emotion-focused coping) to be inversely associated with poorer indicators of well-being.…”

“…Also, conceptual stress-coping supposition is that coping styles or strategies can be categorized as negative/disengaged/maladaptive (e.g., denial, substance abuse) or positive/active/adaptive (e.g., problem-focused, social support; see Cramer, Johnson, et al, 2016 for review of coping style categories). As summarized above in the review of Brief COPE factors, elements of this binary conceptualization of stress coping are evident, although it may be overly simplistic in light of four-factor and above Brief COPE models.…”

Coping strategies used by LGB older adults in facing and anticipating health challenges: A narrative analysis

“…Unlike active strategies, passive coping involves avoidance of stressors. To avoid problems, individuals may deny difficulties exist, detach or distract themselves from stressful challenges, or internalize distress resulting from negative experiences (Cramer et. al., 2016).…”