Personality development from age 2 to 33: Stability and change in ego resiliency and ego control and associations with adult adaptation.

Syed, Moin; Eriksson, Py Liv; Frisén, Ann; Lamb, Michael E.

doi:10.1037/dev0000895

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The study shows a moderate stability of ego-resiliency and ego-control in this sample which is comparable to the original study by Block and Block ( 2006 ) and a Swedish longitudinal study (Chuang et al, 2006 ; Syed et al, 2020 ) and is close to the mean stability of personality traits at that age as reported in a meta-analysis (Roberts and DelVecchio, 2000 ). The moderate differential stability suggests some changes in rank order of all personality characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Moreover, the study shows that ego-resiliency in middle childhood and in adolescence as a sign of flexible self-regulation is clearly associated with lower scores in aggressiveness and anxiety at age six and age twelve (i.e., personality traits assessing dysregulation) and also with fewer problem behaviors and more social competence in middle childhood. These findings corroborate the relevance of ego-resiliency as a fundamental dimension of effective self-regulation and adjustment (Block and Block, 2006 ; Taylor et al, 2014 ; Syed et al, 2020 ). Ego-resiliency is a marker of effective and situation-appropriate adjustment of self-control and goes along with both low internalizing and low externalizing symptoms from early childhood to adolescence (Scholte et al, 2005 ; Martel and Nigg, 2006 ; Hofer et al, 2010 ; Meier and Zimmermann, 2018 ; Zimmermann et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Both personality characteristics are relatively stable over time, already starting in early childhood (Block and Block, 2006 ; Chuang et al, 2006 ; Taylor et al, 2014 ). Studies repeatedly showed associations of both ego-resiliency and ego-undercontrol with concurrent and later adaptation, psychopathology, and social or academic success (Rothbaum and Weisz, 1994 ; Robins et al, 1996 ; van Aken et al, 2002 ; Martel et al, 2007 ; Syed et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Longitudinal Influences of DRD4 Polymorphism and Early Maternal Caregiving on Personality Development and Problem Behavior in Middle Childhood and Adolescence

Zimmermann

Spangler

2022

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Most studies examining gene-environment effects on self-regulation focus on outcomes early childhood or adulthood. However, only a few studies investigate longitudinal effects during middle childhood and adolescence and compare two domains of early caregiving. In a longitudinal follow-up with a sample of N = 87, we studied the effects of differences in the DRD4 tandem repeat polymorphisms and two domains of early maternal caregiving quality on children’s personality development using Block’s California Child Q-Set (CCQ) at age six and age 12 and on problem behavior at ages six and seven. Early maternal regulation quality predicted later ego-resiliency and aggressiveness. In addition, significant gene-environment interactions revealed that children with the 7+ DRD4 tandem repeat polymorphism and poor maternal regulation quality in infancy showed lower scores in ego-resiliency and higher scores in ego-undercontrol and CCQ aggressiveness. In contrast, children who had experienced effective maternal regulation in infancy showed a comparable level in personality traits and problem behavior as the DRD4 7- group independent of the levels of maternal regulatory behavior. Similarly, longitudinal caregiving × DRD4 interactions were found for behavior problems in middle childhood, especially for oppositional-aggression, inattentive-hyperactivity, and social competence. Early caregiving effects were only found for maternal regulation quality, but not for maternal responsiveness. Effective early maternal regulation in infancy can moderate the negative effect of DRD4 7+ on children’s self-regulation in middle childhood and adolescence. However, maternal responsiveness has no comparable effects. It seems relevant to consider several dimensions of early caregiving and to also measure the environment in more detail in gene-environment studies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Longitudinal Influences of DRD4 Polymorphism and Early Maternal Caregiving on Personality Development and Problem Behavior in Middle Childhood and Adolescence

Zimmermann

Spangler

2022

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…high ego resiliency). The CCQ is a valid instrument for early childhood up to early adolescence (Block & Block, 1980) and the derived variables are robust indicators and predictors of children's general trait selfregulation and predictive of later (mal-)adjustment, mental health problems, and personality (Taylor et al, 2013;Eisenberg et al, 2010;Asendorpf et al, 2008;Martel et al, 2009;Syed et al, 2020).…”

Section: Personality Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric Properties of the German Version of the Early Childhood Screening Assessment

et al. 2021

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Fast and accurate screening for mental health problems in early childhood is a prerequisite for effective early intervention. The Early Childhood Screening Assessment (ECSA) is a valid and standardized screening tool for young children. The aims of the current study were to examine the psychometric properties, the factorial structure, and validity evidence for test score interpretation of the German version of the ECSA. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis support a two-factor solution differentiating externalizing and internalizing problems in early childhood. Concurrent validity was demonstrated by positive associations with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Accuracy of identifying children at risk in comparison to CBCL was good with appropriate sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, ECSA problem scores showed specific associations with low ego-resiliency and field-independence scores and high ego-undercontrol, aggression, and anxiety scores. ECSA caregiver depression scores were associated with children’s ECSA problem scores. The German version of the ECSA is a short and accurate screening tool for mental health problems in early childhood.

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“…Changes in ER were noted mainly in relation to childhood and adolescence. Resiliency is said to be relatively stable after those periods [23]. Little research has been devoted to changes in resiliency in groups of adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is it good to be resilient during the COVID‑19 period? The role of ego-resiliency in the intensity of symptoms of anxiety, alcohol use and aggression among Polish people

Dębski¹,

Florek²,

Piegza³

et al. 2021

Int J Occup Med Environ Health

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Objectives: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected the development of negative phenomena such as anxiety symptoms, a tendency to use alcohol and aggressive behaviors. It is postulated to investigate the factors limiting the development of the indicated adverse effects. One of the psychological resources that may have a significant, pro-health character in relation to mental functioning is ego-resiliency (ER). It is described as a personality trait associated with a high ability to adequately regulate self-control, depending on the conditions. There are studies providing information about the prohealth, adaptive nature of ER during the COVID-19 period. The aim of the study was to assess the relationships between ER and anxiety, the tendency to use alcohol and aggression in the group of Polish people in the initial lockdown period in Poland. Material and Methods: Overall, 538 adult Polish people participated in the study. The Ego-Resiliency Scale referred to as ER89-R12, according to Block's concept, was used to measure ER. The other scales used were the General Anxiety Disorder Scale, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the multiple regression procedure, the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis rank ANOVA. Cronbach's α coefficients were also assessed. Results: Statistically significant negative relationships between ER and the severity of anxiety symptoms and generalized aggression were found. There was a weak positive relationship between ER and the tendency to use alcohol. Among the surveyed Polish people, higher ER was characteristic of the older respondents (aged >29 years) and people with higher education. Conclusions: Ego-resiliency in the times of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic can counteract the development of anxiety and aggression. Optimal regulation seems to play an important role in this relationship. The relationship between resiliency and the tendency to use alcohol requires further observation.

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Personality development from age 2 to 33: Stability and change in ego resiliency and ego control and associations with adult adaptation.

Cited by 10 publications

References 48 publications

Longitudinal Influences of DRD4 Polymorphism and Early Maternal Caregiving on Personality Development and Problem Behavior in Middle Childhood and Adolescence

Longitudinal Influences of DRD4 Polymorphism and Early Maternal Caregiving on Personality Development and Problem Behavior in Middle Childhood and Adolescence

Psychometric Properties of the German Version of the Early Childhood Screening Assessment

Is it good to be resilient during the COVID‑19 period? The role of ego-resiliency in the intensity of symptoms of anxiety, alcohol use and aggression among Polish people

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