The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-II and MCMI-III) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) were applied to 263 Dutch inpatient substance abusers with multiple psychiatric diagnoses, and the results compared with those of 306 North-American substance abusers studied by Ward (1995). We looked for structural similarity both across groups (per instrument) and across the two instruments (per sample), using principal components analysis and congruence analysis. The component structure found by Ward was partly replicated in the Dutch group, thus cross-validating the use of the two instruments with these patients. Moreover, as found by Ward, the MMPI-2 content and supplementary scales of the Dutch sample proved to be important determinants of the first three MMPI-2 components, adding to convergent validity. Questions remained about the influence of the (dis)continuity of MCMI-II and MCMI-III on the replicability of the MCMI components.C orrespondence between the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI), both widely accepted instruments for assessing personality and psychopathology, has been thoroughly in these different studies, however, varied from total independence of the two instruments to adequate prediction, e.g., from MMPI basic scales to MCMI scales. Marsh et al. (1985), for example, concluded dissimilar factor structure and poor convergent validity, whereas Millon (1994) found correlations between the MMPI-2 basic scales and the MCMI-III scales as high as .77, with 61 of the 240 intercorrelations greater than .50. Ward (1995) has found promising evidence for both conceptual similarity and utility of combined use. In a sample of male substance abusers, he found seven components after factor analyzing 45 MMPI-2 scales. These were labeled Emotional Maladjust-