Personality Factors in the Explanation of Sex Differences in Pain Catastrophizing and Response to Experimental Pain

Thorn, Beverly E.; Clements, Kristi L.; Ward, L. Charles; Dixon, Kim E.; Kersh, Brian C.; Boothby, Jennifer L.; Chaplin, William F.

doi:10.1097/00002508-200409000-00001

Cited by 95 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…10,14,20,34,35,39,49 The current study found that personality and coping factors were significantly associated with the pain drawing area, supporting findings of prior studies. 5,18,24 Specifically, other studies have identified factors such as depression, 18 psychological health, 8 and nonorganic signs 5,24 as significantly associated with pain drawing area.…”

Section: Results Tsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…We hypothesized that no sex differences would exist for pain severity, as per previously published reports involving patients with chronic pain. 36 However, we believed there was the potential for females to report a larger area on the pain diagram based on literature that suggests that women have increased pain sensitivity to standard stimuli 10,14,15,20,35,49 and a study that suggests that women may be more willing to report pain. 36 3.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sex Differences in Pain Drawing Area for Individuals With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain

George

Bialosky²,

Wittmer³

2007

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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Diagnostic classification has been referred to as a prerequisite for physical therapy treatment. 40,42 The medical diagnosis for musculoskeletal complaints is frequently inadequate to guide physical therapy treatment. Subsequently, various classification systems have been proposed that are independent of pathoanatomical diagnosis. 9,23,57 Physical therapists may make use of findings such as pain location and pain response to movement ment-based classification systems for low back pain suggest that the location of peripheral pain may dictate appropriate treatment.9,54 Additionally, pain drawings demonstrating nonanatomic distribution have been suggested to int StuDy DeSiGn: Cross-sectional. t oBJectiveS: To (1) determine the association between pain severity and pain drawing area for men and women; (2) determine if sex differences exist in pain severity or pain drawing area; (3) determine the relative influence of pain severity, anatomical location of pain, personality, and psychological coping factors on pain drawing area for men and women.t BackGrounD: Pain drawings have been postulated to assist in clinical decision making regarding classification and treatment of musculoskeletal pain. Prior studies have been ambiguous on this topic, possibly because they have not considered if sex differences exist for pain drawing area. t methoDS anD meaSureS: One hundred twenty-six subjects referred to a multidisciplinary chronic pain clinic with chronic musculoskeletal pain were included in this study. Subjects completed a pain drawing, the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI), the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ), and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2). Pearson correlations investigated the associations of pain severity and pain drawing area, independent t tests investigated sex differences in pain severity and pain drawing area, and multiple regression investigated factors that influenced pain drawing area.t reSultS: Pain severity was positively correlated with pain drawing area for men (r = 0.38, P = .003) and women (r = 0.23, P = .052), accounting for approximately 14% and 5% of the total variance, respectively. There was no significant sex difference in pain severity ratings, but women reported a significantly larger area of symptoms on the pain drawings (effect size, 0.61; P = .002). The sex difference in pain drawing area was consistent across different anatomical locations of pain. In women, the final regression model accounted for 39% (P,.001) of the variance in pain drawing area, with anatomical location of pain (b = .42, P,.001) and hypochondriasis (b = .31, P = .005) as the only unique predictors in the final model. In men, the regression model accounted for 27% (P = .003) of the variance in pain drawing area, with pain severity (b = .32, P = .021) and a coping style of ignoring pain (b = -.32, P = .018) as the only unique predictors in the final model. t concluSionS: Women had larger pain drawing area and this area was significantly associated with anatomical location of pain and hy...

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Section: Results Tsupporting

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Pain Drawing Area for Individuals With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain

George

Bialosky²,

Wittmer³

2007

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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“…Thus, patients' general pain attitudes could be crucial while giving scores. Thorn et al 19 stated that when participants are not in pain but are responding to such questionnaires, they make better judgements about what they think in a typical painful situation. For this reason, patients were asked to answer the questionnaires 1 week after debonding to avoid any connections with their ratings on PCS and their actual pain experience.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 Brain MRI studies have shown that expectations of pain interact powerfully with brain mechanisms that alter the subjective pain experience, enabling positive expectations to reduce perceived pain by 28.4%. 25 Supporting this finding, Polat 22 mentioned that informing the patient and putting their trust in their doctors would help control the anxiety.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of different methods to reduce pain during debonding of orthodontic brackets

Bavbek

Tuncer

Tortop

et al. 2016

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To determine pain during debonding and the effects of different pain control methods, gender, and personal traits on the pain experience. Materials and Methods: Patients who had fixed orthodontic treatment with metal brackets, but no surgical treatment or craniofacial deformity, were included. Sixty-three patients (32 female, aged 17.2 6 2.9 years; 31 male aged, 17.2 6 2.5 years) were allocated to three groups (n ¼ 21) according to the pain control method: finger pressure, elastomeric wafer, or stress relief. Pain experience for each tooth was scored on a visual analogue scale (VAS), and general responses of participants to pain were evaluated by Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). Multiple linear regression analysis, the Mann Whitney U-test, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: When the VAS scores were adjusted, finger pressure caused a 47% reduction overall, 56% in lower elastomer wafer total, 59% in lower right arch, 62% in lower left, and 62% in lower anterior compared with the elastomeric wafer. In the elastomer wafer group, upper and lower anterior scores were higher than posterior scores, respectively. Females had higher VAS (lower left and anterior) and total PCS scores than males. Regardless of the pain control method, total PCS scores were correlated with total (r ¼ .254), upper total (r ¼ .290), right (r ¼ .258), left (r ¼ .244), and posterior (r ¼ .278) VAS scores. Conclusions: The stress relief method showed no difference when compared with the other groups. Finger pressure was more effective than the elastomeric wafer in the lower jaw. Higher pain levels were recorded for the anterior regions with the elastomeric wafer. Females and pain catastrophizers gave higher VAS scores. (Angle Orthod. 2016;86:917-924)

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“…The effect of self-perceived role identity on pain perception, here defined as the product of the brain's abstraction and elaboration of a nociceptive input (Basbaum and Jessell, 2000), has been investigated in gender role studies, including coping strategies (Keogh and Herdenfeldt, 2002), pain catastrophizing (Thorn et al, 2004), situational context (Kallai et al, 2004), gender role expectations (Robinson et al, 2001) and hyper-vigilance (Rollman et al, 2004) or anxiety (Edwards et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in self-perceived role identity modulate pain perception

Kut

Schaffner

Wittwer

et al. 2007

Pain

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Pain is an experience including physiological and psychological factors. We assume that emotions may be elicited and increased through self-perceived role identity and that change of role identity alters quality and intensity of pain perception. We used role-play strategies to assess whether pain can be better tolerated whenever, in an unavoidable and unpleasant context, role identity confers pain a meaningful and thus suitable character. We induced antithetic roles in 21 actors who received heat stimuli on their arms before and after role-play conditions. Pain tolerance, skin conductance and voice signals were measured. Pain tolerance increased for heroes/heroines and decreased for faint-hearts. Men showed higher pain tolerance. Heroes/heroines evaluated heat stimuli as more intense. Faint-hearts found pain stimuli more affectively loaded at lower temperatures. Women showed higher pain ratings. Hence, self-perception influences pain perception. Role-play strategies may be of value for new pain management strategies. AbstractPain is an experience including physiological and psychological factors. We assume that emotions may be elicited and increased through self-perceived role identity and that change of role identity alters quality and intensity of pain perception. We used role-play strategies to assess whether pain can be better tolerated whenever, in an unavoidable and unpleasant context, role identity confers pain a meaningful and thus suitable character. We induced antithetic roles in 21 actors who received heat stimuli on their arms before and after role-play conditions. Pain tolerance, skin conductance and voice signals were measured. Pain tolerance increased for heroes/heroines and decreased for faint-hearts. Men showed higher pain tolerance. Heroes/heroines evaluated heat stimuli as more intense. Faint-hearts found pain stimuli more affectively loaded at lower temperatures. Women showed higher pain ratings. Hence, self-perception influences pain perception. Role-play strategies may be of value for new pain management strategies. Ó

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Personality Factors in the Explanation of Sex Differences in Pain Catastrophizing and Response to Experimental Pain

Abstract: The results suggest that sex differences in catastrophizing and pain responsivity are partially accounted for by the dispositional tendency to describe oneself as emotionally vulnerable. The findings also suggest that pain catastrophizing may be situational as well as dispositional.

Cited by 95 publications

References 29 publications

Sex Differences in Pain Drawing Area for Individuals With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain

Sex Differences in Pain Drawing Area for Individuals With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain

Efficacy of different methods to reduce pain during debonding of orthodontic brackets

Changes in self-perceived role identity modulate pain perception

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