Personality Pathology Factors Predict Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder in Emerging Adults

Abstract

These findings suggest that an empirically based approach to personality pathology organization may yield useful predictors of MDD recurrence during emerging adulthood.

Interpersonal Competence Across Domains: Relevance to Personality Pathology

“…The IPDE (Loranger et al, 1994) is a 99-item semi-structured clinical interview which provides both dimensional and categorical scores for each of the DSM-IV Axis II diagnoses. In the present study, the intraclass correlation across six interviewers for the IPDE total dimensional score was 0.95, and the intraclass correlations for the dimensional scores on each DSM-IV personality disorder ranged from 0.75 to 0.98 in a random 20% of interviews, except for the intraclass correlation for the schizotypal PD dimensional score, which was 0.46 (Sheets, 2009).…”

“…In the second analysis, the first variable set again consisted of the five ICQ domains, but the second variable set consisted of the eight IPDE factors as delineated by Sheets (2009). Two significant variate pairs were extracted in this analysis (canonical r = 0.561, p < 0.001; canonical r = The first variate pair was characterized by high scores on the social anxiety, social avoidance, and interpersonal hypersensitivity IPDE factors, and low scores on the initiation, negative assertion, emotional support, and self disclosure scales of the ICQ.…”

“…PD symptoms were positively correlated with a pattern of interpersonal hostility and social inhibition. The Clifton et al (2005) and Kim et al (1997) studies, along with two factor analyses (Nestadt et al, 2006;Sheets, 2009) of a widely used interview measure of personality pathology, the International Personality Disorder Examination (Loranger, Sartorius, Andreoli, & Berger, 1994) reveal four main categories of interpersonal problems in PD: social anxiety/inhibition (feeling inferior, inhibited, and anxious in social interactions), interpersonal sensitivity (heightened sensitivity to rejection), interpersonal hostility (aggression and exploitation), and social avoidance (a lack of interest in relationships and mistrust of others).…”

“…An exploratory factor analysis of the IPDE items was conducted to identify empiricallyderived factors of personality pathology, which were then examined as predictors of future depressive eposides. The analysis produced an eightfactor solution (Sheets, 2009). The six interpersonally relevant factors included Social Anxiety (social inhibition, feeling inferior to others, and anxiety in social interactions), Interpersonal Hypersensitivity (heightened sensitivity to criticism, fears of rejection and abandonment), Identity Disturbance (narcissism, poor sense of self, deceitfulness, and interpersonal exploitation), Unscrupulousness (disregard for others' safety, impulsivity), Social Avoidance (preference for solitary activities), and Suspiciousness (paranoia and a lack of interest in social relationships).…”

“…A canonical correlation was conducted with the five ICQ domains and the eight IPDE factors delineated by Sheets (2009). It was hypothesized that three sources of shared variance would emerge: social anxiety/ inhibition, interpersonal sensitivity/hostility, and social avoidance.…”