Personality research on the Internet: A comparison of Web-based and traditional instruments in take-home and in-class settings

The three-factor model of Internet addiction: The development of the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire

“…Data were collected online. According to the results of Cronk and West (2002), as compared with the paper-and-pencil method, online data collection may affect response rates, but not the results.…”

Measuring health beliefs on the Internet: A comparison of paper and Internet administrations of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale

“…However, the vast majority of IMR validation studies to date have reported equivalence between Internet and non-Internet implementations, despite differences in both mode of administration and sample composition (e.g., see the studies cited above). Furthermore, those studies that have controlled for sample equivalence also have typically failed to show a mode effect (e.g., Cronk & West, 2002;Epstein, Klinkenberg, Wiley, & McKinley, 2001;Herrero & Meneses, in press;Huang, 2006;Knapp & Kirk, 2003;Metzger, Kristof, & Yoest, 2003;Meyerson & Tryon, 2003;Smither, Walker, & Yap, 2004 The problem of reduced levels of researcher control over stimulus materials (e.g., Krantz, 2001), participation environment (e.g., Barbeite & Weiss, 2004), and participant behavior (e.g., has been identified as a key issue in IMR. Different hardware and software configurations may easily cause stimulus display variability, and researchers can never be entirely sure that participants have followed instructions as directed.…”

“…Although a plausible account, consistent with previous research, has been offered that explains this result as due to sample composition, a possible mode effect cannot be ruled out. Other authors have eliminated such potential ambiguity by conducting IMR validation studies that control for sample variation (e.g., Cronk & West, 2002;Epstein et al, 2001) and even for both sample variation and participation context: Salgado and Moscoso (2003) reported that in their "Internet" condition (in a repeated measures design), participants completed the study in groups of 19 (presumably in the laboratory). It is not clear to us that such approaches, which maintain tight control over the types of variables (stimulus display, participation context, sample composition, etc.)…”

Designing and validating the methodology for the Internet assessment of fish consumption at a university setting

“…However, care should be taken when collecting data via the Internet, due to response variability, interruptions when filling out the forms, and lack of monitoring of the survey firm (Cronk & West, 2002). Collecting data online allows us to conduct a survey worldwide, mainly among populations that are difficult to access; on the other hand, it requires meticulous analysis to release the study and to select samples that ensure quality and validity of the results (Cantrell & Lupinacci, 2007).…”