Personality Structure: Emergence of the Five-Factor Model

Digman, John M.

doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.41.020190.002221

Cited by 5,313 publications

(3,607 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Conscientiousness reflects dependability (i.e., being thorough, responsible, organized, and planful) and having a high will to achieve (i.e., being hardworking, achievement-oriented, and persevering; Digman, 1990). We expect potential applicants higher in conscientiousness to receive more word-of-mouth because they tend to be more motivated and more persistent.…”

Section: Determinants Of Word-of-mouth As a Recruitment Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Tapping the grapevine: A closer look at word-of-mouth as a recruitment source.

Hoye¹,

Lievens²

2009

Journal of Applied Psychology

168

147

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To advance knowledge of word-of-mouth as a company-independent recruitment source, this study draws on conceptualizations of word-of-mouth in the marketing literature. The sample consisted of 612 potential applicants targeted by the Belgian Defense. Consistent with the recipient-source framework, time spent receiving positive word-of-mouth was determined by the traits of the recipient (extraversion and conscientiousness), the characteristics of the source (perceived expertise), and their mutual relationship (tie strength). Only conscientiousness and source expertise were determinants of receiving negative word-of-mouth. In line with the accessibility-diagnosticity model, receiving positive employment information through word-of-mouth early in the recruitment process was positively associated with perceptual (organizational attractiveness) and behavioral outcomes (actual application decisions), beyond potential applicants' exposure to other recruitment sources.

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Section: Determinants Of Word-of-mouth As a Recruitment Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Tapping the grapevine: A closer look at word-of-mouth as a recruitment source.

Hoye¹,

Lievens²

2009

Journal of Applied Psychology

168

147

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“…In the wake of Mischel's (1968) critique of personality dispositions, many personality psychologists eschewed broadband constructs such as traits and motives in favor of more domain-specific variables, like "encoding strategies," "self-regulatory systems and plans," and other "cognitive social learning person variables" (Mischel, 1973). By contrast, the 1980s and 1990s have witnessed a strong comeback for the concept of the broad, dispositional trait, culminating in what many have argued is a consensus around the five-factor model of personality traits (Digman, 1990;Goldberg, 1993;MacDonald, this issue;McCrae & Costa, 1990). Personahty psychologists such as A. H. Buss (1989) have essentially proclaimed that personality is traits and only traits.…”

Section: Making Sense Of Personsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Do We Know When We Know a Person?

McAdams¹

1995

Journal of Personality

898

752

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Individual differences in personality may be described at three different levels. Level I consists of those broad, decontextualized, and relatively nonconditional constructs called "traits," which provide a dispositional signature for personality description. No description of a person is adequate without trait attributions, but trait attributions themselves yield little beyond a "psychology ofthe stranger." At Level II (called "personal concems"), personality descriptions invoke personal strivings, life tasks, defense mechanisms, coping strategies, domain-specific skills and values, and a wide assortment of other motivational, developmental, or strategic constructs that are contextualized in time, place, or role. While dispositional traits and personal concerns appear to have near-universal applicability. Level III presents frameworks and constructs that may be uniquely relevant to adulthood only, and perhaps only within modern societies that put a premium on the individuation of the self. Thus, in contemporary Western societies, a full description of personality commonly requires a consideration of the extent to which a human life expresses unity and purpose, which are the hallmarks of identity. Identity in adulthood is an inner story of the self that integrates the reconstmcted past, perceived present, and anticipated future to provide a life with unity, purpose, and meaning. At Level III, psychologists may explore the person's identity as an internalized and evolving life story. Each of the three levels has its own geography and requires its own indigenous nomenclatures, taxonomies, theories, frameworks, and laws.One of the great social rituals in the lives of middle-class American famihes is "the drive home." The ritual comes in many different forms.

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“…Nowadays, there is general agreement about the view that personality, at least for descriptions at a rather global level, can be described adequately in terms of the Big Five dimensions: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience [see, e.g., 11,12]. Extraversion reflects the disposition towards cheerfulness, sociability, and high activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality and fatigue in patients with benign or malignant breast disease

Michielsen

Steeg

Roukema

et al. 2007

Support Care Cancer

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Goals of work The aim of the study was to examine the role of five general personality traits in fatigue in a group of patients with breast cancer (BC) and a group with benign breast problems (BBP). Materials and methods Of the 304 participating women, 127 patients had BC and 177 BBP. A fatigue scale was completed before diagnosis and 1, 3, and 6 months after diagnosis (benign patients) or surgical treatment (BC patients). A personality questionnaire (NEO-FFI) and a depression scale (CES-D) were completed before diagnosis. Main results The BC group was less tired before diagnosis, more tired 1 month after diagnosis, and equally tired 3 and 6 months after diagnosis. In the total group, women were more tired over time when they were more neurotic, less agreeable, or more introverted. After controlling for depressive symptoms, demographics, and medical factors, baseline depressive symptoms (β=0.29, p<0.05), neuroticism (β=0.29, p<0.05), and extraversion (β=−0.25, p< 0.05) predicted fatigue 6 months later. After also including baseline fatigue, only neuroticism (β=0.22, p<0.05) and baseline fatigue (β=0.79, p<0.001) predicted fatigue.Conclusions Personality is more strongly related to fatigue than demographics, the diagnosis cancer, receiving cancer treatment, and baseline depressive symptoms and fatigue. When replicated, screening and treating women who are at risk to experience high levels of fatigue is recommended.

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Personality Structure: Emergence of the Five-Factor Model

Cited by 5,313 publications

References 60 publications

Tapping the grapevine: A closer look at word-of-mouth as a recruitment source.

Tapping the grapevine: A closer look at word-of-mouth as a recruitment source.

What Do We Know When We Know a Person?

Personality and fatigue in patients with benign or malignant breast disease

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