Personality traits and transition to psychosis one year after the first assessment

Salve, Francesca De; Rossi, Chiara; Cavalera, Cesare; Malvini, Lara; Barbera, Simona; Tagliabue, Sofia; Percudani, Mauro; Oasi, Osmano

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1096626

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…As with risk mental states ( e.g. De Salve et al ., 2023 , about the influence of personality traits), here too we have important indicators of risk connected to attachment. They can guide investments in post Covid public mental health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attachment styles, mental health, and trauma during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in an Italian adult population

Ierardi,

Bottini,

Preti

et al. 2024

RES PSYCHOTHER-PSYCH

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The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted adults’ mental health around the world. Various studies highlighted the role of sociodemographic risk factors, including age, gender, and level of education, in increasing this impact. Although insecure attachment styles are considered a vulnerability factor for psychopathology and difficulties in coping with stressful situations, few studies have examined the role of attachment styles in relation to psychological responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to investigate the role of attachment styles in affecting psychopathological problems and post-traumatic symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of Italian adults (N=1548). During the first lockdown in Italy, the Attachment Style Questionnaire, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and Symptom Checklist 90-Revised were administered to the participants to assess attachment styles, trauma-related symptoms, and psychopathological problems. The results showed that 41% of the participants had symptoms of clinical and subclinical relevance during the pandemic. Anxious and avoidant insecure attachment styles predicted psychopathological problems and post-traumatic symptoms, whereas secure attachment style was a protective factor. Our results highlighted the significant role played by the quality of attachment styles on adult mental health during the pandemic, providing valuable elements for targeted psychological support interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attachment styles, mental health, and trauma during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in an Italian adult population

Ierardi,

Bottini,

Preti

et al. 2024

RES PSYCHOTHER-PSYCH

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“…MBT-P, moreover, could be helpful in preventing ( 53 , 54 ) from the onset of full-blown psychosis through improved long-term social functioning ( 53 , 55 ). In addition, dysfunctional personality traits are particularly prevalent in this population ( 56 , 57 ), and an estimated 40% of this population has a personality disorder in comorbidity ( 50 ), findings that can justify the application of treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mentalizing in individuals with state and trait risk for psychosis: a systematic review

De Salve,

Rossi,

Oasi

2023

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundMentalization is an umbrella concept defined as the ability to interpret one’s and others’ mental states. Previous studies have hypothesized that mentalization may be a crucial resilience factor that significantly moderates the likelihood of developing psychotic disorders in individuals with both state and trait risk factors for the illness.PurposeThe study reviews the role of mentalizing abilities (e.g., reflective functioning, Theory of Mind (ToM), and metacognition) in young adults with At-Risk Mental States (ARMS) and schizotypal traits. Specifically, the objective is to include articles that (a) evaluate the links between low mentalizing and both state (ARMS/CHR) and trait (schizotypy) risk for psychosis (b) compare the differences in mentalizing abilities between individuals with ARMS, schizotypy, full-blown psychosis, and healthy controls.MethodElectronic databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) were used to search for articles, while Rayyan was employed to facilitate the screening and selection of studies. Eligible studies are original English-language; peer-reviewed research articles on populations that met validated risk diagnostic criteria for psychosis, ARMS, and healthy controls; empirical studies evaluating the association or differences between psychotic risk and mentalizing abilities. Non-English language studies, the ones not considering state or trait risk for psychosis, and qualitative studies were excluded. After the application of the PRISMA checklist and the inclusion and exclusion criteria previously mentioned, 10 articles were extracted. The systematic review has been registered on Prospero (CRD42023397594).ResultsLow levels of reflective functioning and metacognition may predict a transition to psychosis. In addition, reflective functioning and metacognitive impairments are associated with attenuated psychotic symptoms in both state risk groups and in non-clinical individuals with schizotypal traits. Concerning ToM tasks, mixed results emerged.ConclusionThe results obtained from the review suggest that the application of strategies to attenuate maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and low mentalization may be equally effective in improving psychotic symptoms. The assessment of mentalization and metacognition could potentially provide additional prognostic value over factors predisposing to psychosis. Good mentalization and metacognition functioning should be considered as protective factors able to minimize the transition to psychosis.

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Predicting dropout and non-response to psychotherapy for personality disorders: A study protocol focusing on therapist, patient, and the therapeutic relationship

De Salve,

Rossi,

Messina

et al. 2024

BMC Psychol

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Background The abandonment of psychotherapeutic treatments is influenced by various factors, including patient characteristics, therapist traits, and the therapeutic relationship. Despite the well-documented importance of these factors, limited empirical research has focused on the role of the therapeutic relationship and the characteristics of therapist-patient dyads in predicting treatment dropout. This study protocol outlines a longitudinal research project aimed at predicting dropout and non-response in psychotherapy for individuals with personality disorders. The research seeks to identify predictive factors related to psychotherapy outcomes, focusing on patient, therapist, and dyadic elements. Specifically, the study will examine the influence of therapist characteristics (e.g., personality traits, countertransference, responsiveness) on treatment outcomes, explore the impact of relational factors (e.g., treatment expectations, epistemic trust, therapeutic alliance) on therapy effectiveness, and assess how the therapeutic alliance within therapist-patient dyads affects the likelihood of dropout and non-response. Methods The longitudinal study will include 100 therapist-patient dyads (200 participants) recruited from various Mental Health Services in Milan, Italy. Validated instruments will be administered to both patients and therapists at four-time points: T0 (baseline), T1 (3 months), T2 (6 months), and T3 (1 year). Data will be collected at baseline and at the one-year mark to evaluate the relationships between therapist, patient, and dyadic factors and treatment outcomes. Discussion Identifying predictive variables associated with high dropout rates can help preempt treatment discontinuation, reducing the financial and operational burdens on mental health services. Understanding these factors will enable the development of targeted interventions to improve treatment engagement and reduce attrition. This approach could enhance outcomes for individuals with personality disorders and lead to more efficient resource allocation and sustainable delivery of mental health care.

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Personality traits and transition to psychosis one year after the first assessment

Cited by 4 publications

References 64 publications

Attachment styles, mental health, and trauma during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in an Italian adult population

Attachment styles, mental health, and trauma during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in an Italian adult population

Mentalizing in individuals with state and trait risk for psychosis: a systematic review

Predicting dropout and non-response to psychotherapy for personality disorders: A study protocol focusing on therapist, patient, and the therapeutic relationship

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