Personalized cancer avatars for patients with thymic malignancies: A pilot study with circulating tumor cell‐derived organoids

Wu, Yuan‐Hung; Chao, Hsi-Lu; Chiang, Chi‐Lu; Luo, Yung‐Hung; Chiu, Chao‐Hua; Yen, Sang‐Hue; Liu, Chia Jen; Chiou, Jeng‐Fong; Burnouf, Thierry; Chen, Yin‐Ju; Wang, Peng‐Yuan; Chao, Tsu‐Yi; Hsu, Shih‐Min; Lu, Long‐Sheng

doi:10.1111/1759-7714.15039

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Similar to the assembloid technology, CTCs and cancer‐associated cells are ‘self‐assembled’ into spheroids on the BCCs. This technology has been applied in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, 87 head and neck cancers, 102 small cell lung cancers, 86 soft tissue sarcoma, 106 paediatric gliomas 107 and thymic malignancies 108 . CTC‐derived organoids are more accessible to prepare than the tumour tissue biopsy‐derived organoids.…”

Section: Pdtos and Assembloidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technology has been applied in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, 87 head and neck cancers, 102 small cell lung cancers, 86 soft tissue sarcoma, 106 paediatric gliomas 107 and thymic malignancies. 108 CTC-derived organoids are more accessible to prepare than the tumour tissue biopsy-derived organoids. CTCs are collected from a cancer patient's blood, which is low invasional and time-efficient.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tumour organoids and assembloids: Patient‐derived cancer avatars for immunotherapy

Mei,

Liu,

Tian

et al. 2024

Clinical & Translational Med

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BackgroundOrganoid technology is an emerging and rapidly growing field that shows promise in studying organ development and screening therapeutic regimens. Although organoids have been proposed for a decade, concerns exist, including batch‐to‐batch variations, lack of the native microenvironment and clinical applicability.Main bodyThe concept of organoids has derived patient‐derived tumour organoids (PDTOs) for personalized drug screening and new drug discovery, mitigating the risks of medication misuse. The greater the similarity between the PDTOs and the primary tumours, the more influential the model will be. Recently, ‘tumour assembloids’ inspired by cell‐coculture technology have attracted attention to complement the current PDTO technology. High‐quality PDTOs must reassemble critical components, including multiple cell types, tumour matrix, paracrine factors, angiogenesis and microorganisms. This review begins with a brief overview of the history of organoids and PDTOs, followed by the current approaches for generating PDTOs and tumour assembloids. Personalized drug screening has been practised; however, it remains unclear whether PDTOs can predict immunotherapies, including immune drugs (e.g. immune checkpoint inhibitors) and immune cells (e.g. tumour‐infiltrating lymphocyte, T cell receptor‐engineered T cell and chimeric antigen receptor‐T cell). PDTOs, as cancer avatars of the patients, can be expanded and stored to form a biobank.ConclusionFundamental research and clinical trials are ongoing, and the intention is to use these models to replace animals. Pre‐clinical immunotherapy screening using PDTOs will be beneficial to cancer patients.Key Points The current PDTO models have not yet constructed key cellular and non‐cellular components. PDTOs should be expandable and editable. PDTOs are promising preclinical models for immunotherapy unless mature PDTOs can be established. PDTO biobanks with consensual standards are urgently needed.

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