Personalized Immuno-Oncology

Jain, Kewal K.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-62080-6_20

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Personalized medicine, also known as individualized medicine, is a medical approach that involves tailoring specific treatments and therapeutics to suit the unique characteristics of an individual patient. This consideration encompasses both genetic and environmental factors that influence how a person responds to therapy [ 229 ]. The term precision medicine is often used because it signifies that diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies are precisely customized to meet the specific requirements of each patient.…”

Section: Current and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cancer stands out as a particularly crucial field for the application of personalized medicine. This is not only due to the significant variations observed among individual patients but also because tumors with the same histological diagnosis can exhibit diverse characteristics that necessitate tailored treatment approaches [ 229 ].…”

Section: Current and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TMB and the high expression of the PD‐1 gene followed this closely. When these three variables are combined, they exhibit a strong correlation with over 80% of the variation in treatment response observed across diverse tumor types [ 229 ].…”

Section: Current and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunologic tumor microenvironment modulators for turning cold tumors hot

Khosravi,

Mostafavi,

Bastan

et al. 2024

Cancer Communications

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Tumors can be classified into distinct immunophenotypes based on the presence and arrangement of cytotoxic immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Hot tumors, characterized by heightened immune activity and responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), stand in stark contrast to cold tumors, which lack immune infiltration and remain resistant to therapy. To overcome immune evasion mechanisms employed by tumor cells, novel immunologic modulators have emerged, particularly ICIs targeting cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 (CTLA‐4) and programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death‐ligand 1(PD‐1/PD‐L1). These agents disrupt inhibitory signals and reactivate the immune system, transforming cold tumors into hot ones and promoting effective antitumor responses. However, challenges persist, including primary resistance to immunotherapy, autoimmune side effects, and tumor response heterogeneity. Addressing these challenges requires innovative strategies, deeper mechanistic insights, and a combination of immune interventions to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapies. In the landscape of cancer medicine, where immune cold tumors represent a formidable hurdle, understanding the TME and harnessing its potential to reprogram the immune response is paramount. This review sheds light on current advancements and future directions in the quest for more effective and safer cancer treatment strategies, offering hope for patients with immune‐resistant tumors.

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Section: Current and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunologic tumor microenvironment modulators for turning cold tumors hot

Khosravi,

Mostafavi,

Bastan

et al. 2024

Cancer Communications

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“…Moreover, these chips could automate some processes found in traditional biopsy diagnostic techniques and hence have a smaller requirement in terms of labor intensity and trained technicians as opposed to the biopsy and the IHC that often follows [154]. These on-chip devices could lead to a more personalized treatment for each patient, since the body's immune responses to eradicate cancer cells, in addition to how those very immune responses are inhibited, varies between different individuals and can also depend on the characteristics of the tumor [155]. Hence, the method of evaluating the cancer's biomarkers allows for a more tailored planning of therapy by establishing a "tumor profile" [156].…”

Section: Pros and Cons Towards Clinical Translationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the Potential of Microfluidics in Early Diagnosis and Personalized Treatment of Head and Neck Cancers

Pillai,

Kwan,

Yaziji

et al. 2023

Cancers

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Head and neck cancers (HNCs) account for ~4% of all cancers in North America and encompass cancers affecting the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, sinuses, nasal cavity, and salivary glands. The anatomical complexity of the head and neck region, characterized by highly perfused and innervated structures, presents challenges in the early diagnosis and treatment of these cancers. The utilization of sub-microliter volumes and the unique phenomenon associated with microscale fluid dynamics have facilitated the development of microfluidic platforms for studying complex biological systems. The advent of on-chip microfluidics has significantly impacted the diagnosis and treatment strategies of HNC. Sensor-based microfluidics and point-of-care devices have improved the detection and monitoring of cancer biomarkers using biological specimens like saliva, urine, blood, and serum. Additionally, tumor-on-a-chip platforms have allowed the creation of patient-specific cancer models on a chip, enabling the development of personalized treatments through high-throughput screening of drugs. In this review, we first focus on how microfluidics enable the development of an enhanced, functional drug screening process for targeted treatment in HNCs. We then discuss current advances in microfluidic platforms for biomarker sensing and early detection, followed by on-chip modeling of HNC to evaluate treatment response. Finally, we address the practical challenges that hinder the clinical translation of these microfluidic advances.

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Exploring the Potential of Azo Compounds in Leukemia Treatment: Synthesis and Characterization of New Derivatives with Dimedone and Meldrum's Acid End Groups

Güney,

Dilek,

Sezgin

et al. 2023

ChemistrySelect

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This scholarly investigation presents pioneering drug candidates for combating leukemia, distinguished by reduced side effects and elevated efficacy. The study focuses on azo compounds for their selective targeting against cancerous cells, and customizable properties. Novel azo compounds, DMTPC and DMTPD, were skillfully synthesized via diazotization of 3‐(4‐Methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)‐5‐(trifluoromethyl)aniline with dimedone and meldrum‘s acid. Comprehensive characterization employed advanced analytical techniques like 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, LC‐MS, FT‐IR, and XRD. UV‐Vis and fluorescence spectrophotometers scrutinized absorption and fluorescence properties in diverse solvents. Theoretical DFT computations provided optimized geometries, vibrational frequencies, NMR chemical shifts, absorption wavelengths, HOMOs‐LUMOs, Mulliken charges, and molecular orbital energies. Encouragingly, experimental and theoretical values aligned well. ADME properties and toxicity profiles were evaluated using online web servers. Molecular dynamics simulations explored interactions of DMTPC and DMTPD with the leukemia inhibitory factor protein (PDB ID: 1EMR) compared to Nilotinib. Molecular docking studies indicated DMTPC′s promising potential with a binding energy of −8.8 kcal/mol, approaching Nilotinib's −9.4 kcal/mol. This investigation accentuates the burgeoning research paradigm of exploiting azo compounds in the formidable battle against leukemia, opening new avenues for breakthroughs in this field.

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Personalized Immuno-Oncology

Cited by 4 publications

References 82 publications

Immunologic tumor microenvironment modulators for turning cold tumors hot

Immunologic tumor microenvironment modulators for turning cold tumors hot

Mapping the Potential of Microfluidics in Early Diagnosis and Personalized Treatment of Head and Neck Cancers

Exploring the Potential of Azo Compounds in Leukemia Treatment: Synthesis and Characterization of New Derivatives with Dimedone and Meldrum's Acid End Groups

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