Personalized learning: From neurogenetics of behaviors to designing optimal language training

Wong, Patrick C. M.; Vuong, Loan; Liu, Kevin

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.10.002

Cited by 39 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…The present study, focusing on objective, presurgical neural measures and their predictive power of postimplantation outcomes in early-deafened children, is one step toward this goal. The present study also lays the foundation for personalized therapy for children with CI (42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Neural preservation underlies speech improvement from auditory deprivation in young cochlear implant recipients

Feng

Ingvalson

Grieco-Calub

et al. 2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Although cochlear implantation enables some children to attain age-appropriate speech and language development, communicative delays persist in others, and outcomes are quite variable and difficult to predict, even for children implanted early in life. To understand the neurobiological basis of this variability, we used presurgical neural morphological data obtained from MRI of individual pediatric cochlear implant (CI) candidates implanted younger than 3.5 years to predict variability of their speech-perception improvement after surgery. We first compared neuroanatomical density and spatial pattern similarity of CI candidates to that of age-matched children with normal hearing, which allowed us to detail neuroanatomical networks that were either affected or unaffected by auditory deprivation. This information enables us to build machine-learning models to predict the individual children's speech development following CI. We found that regions of the brain that were unaffected by auditory deprivation, in particular the auditory association and cognitive brain regions, produced the highest accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity in patient classification and the most precise prediction results. These findings suggest that brain areas unaffected by auditory deprivation are critical to developing closer to typical speech outcomes. Moreover, the findings suggest that determination of the type of neural reorganization caused by auditory deprivation before implantation is valuable for predicting post-CI language outcomes for young children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Neural preservation underlies speech improvement from auditory deprivation in young cochlear implant recipients

Feng

Ingvalson

Grieco-Calub

et al. 2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Taking this approach to variation a step farther, Wong et al (2017) examine behavioral, neural, and genetic predictors of learning at the level of the individual, and discuss the applications of personalized learning in the L2 context. Drawing parallels with personalized medicine in the pharmacological field, the authors suggest that understanding individual differences will lead to customization and optimization of language instruction.…”

Section: Individual Differences In L2 Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity, Variability and Age in Second Language Acquisition and Bilingualism

Birdsong

2018

Front. Psychol.

129

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Much of what is known about the outcome of second language acquisition and bilingualism can be summarized in terms of inter-individual variability, plasticity and age. The present review looks at variability and plasticity with respect to their underlying sources, and at age as a modulating factor in variability and plasticity. In this context we consider critical period effects vs. bilingualism effects, early and late bilingualism, nativelike and non-nativelike L2 attainment, cognitive aging, individual differences in learning, and linguistic dominance in bilingualism. Non-uniformity is an inherent characteristic of both early and late bilingualism. This review shows how plasticity and age connect with biological and experiential sources of variability, and underscores the value of research that reveals and explains variability. In these ways the review suggests how plasticity, variability and age conspire to frame fundamental research issues in L2 acquisition and bilingualism, and provides points of reference for discussion of the present Frontiers in Psychology Research Topic.

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“…Therefore, by taking into account such a linear relationship, our results are thoroughly comparable with these previous data in that the participants who were characterized by a stronger left-hemispheric asymmetry (i.e., the musicians) performed better on the word form learning tasks. However, we are more likely prone to interpret the observed between-group differences by taking into account differential learning strategies 103 . Based on the fact that sensory-to-motor coupling mechanisms have exclusively been attributed to the left hemisphere, the stronger right-sided engagement of the dorsal stream in non-musicians may rather reflect stronger demands placed on working- 104 and episodic 105 , 106 memory functions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theta Coherence Asymmetry in the Dorsal Stream of Musicians Facilitates Word Learning

Elmer

Albrecht

Valizadeh

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Word learning constitutes a human faculty which is dependent upon two anatomically distinct processing streams projecting from posterior superior temporal (pST) and inferior parietal (IP) brain regions toward the prefrontal cortex (dorsal stream) and the temporal pole (ventral stream). The ventral stream is involved in mapping sensory and phonological information onto lexical-semantic representations, whereas the dorsal stream contributes to sound-to-motor mapping, articulation, complex sequencing in the verbal domain, and to how verbal information is encoded, stored, and rehearsed from memory. In the present source-based EEG study, we evaluated functional connectivity between the IP lobe and Broca’s area while musicians and non-musicians learned pseudowords presented in the form of concatenated auditory streams. Behavioral results demonstrated that musicians outperformed non-musicians, as reflected by a higher sensitivity index (d’). This behavioral superiority was paralleled by increased left-hemispheric theta coherence in the dorsal stream, whereas non-musicians showed stronger functional connectivity in the right hemisphere. Since no between-group differences were observed in a passive listening control condition nor during rest, results point to a task-specific intertwining between musical expertise, functional connectivity, and word learning.

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Personalized learning: From neurogenetics of behaviors to designing optimal language training

Cited by 39 publications

References 94 publications

Neural preservation underlies speech improvement from auditory deprivation in young cochlear implant recipients

Neural preservation underlies speech improvement from auditory deprivation in young cochlear implant recipients

Plasticity, Variability and Age in Second Language Acquisition and Bilingualism

Theta Coherence Asymmetry in the Dorsal Stream of Musicians Facilitates Word Learning

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