Personalized Medicine Using Neuroimmunological Biomarkers in Depressive Disorders

Chi, Suhyuk; Lee, Moon Soo

doi:10.3390/jpm11020114

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…In previous studies of adult and pediatric depression, plasma levels of TNF-α have shown mixed results. However, treatment with cytokines, including TNF-α, has been reported to induce depressive symptoms [41][42][43]. In a comparison of patients with MDD and healthy controls, plasma levels of TNF-α showed no significant difference nor were they increased in the patient group [7,8,10,11,35,36].…”

Section: The Cytokines In Neuroinflammationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Molecular Biomarkers for Pediatric Depressive Disorders: A Narrative Review

Lee¹,

Chi²,

Lee³

2021

Preprint

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Depressive disorder in childhood and adolescence is a highly prevalent mood disorder that tends to recur throughout life. Untreated mood disorders can adversely impact a patient's quality of life and cause socioeconomic loss. Thus, an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment is crucial. However, until now, diagnoses and treatments are conducted according to clinical symptoms. Objective and biological validation are lacking. This may result in a poor outcome for patients with depressive disorder. Research has been conducted to identify the biomarkers that are related to depressive disorder. Cumulative evidence has revealed that certain immunologic biomarkers in-cluding brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cytokines, gastrointestinal biomarkers, hormones, oxidative stress, and certain hypothalamus-pituitary axis biomarkers are associated with depressive disorder. This article reviews the biomarkers related to the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric depressive disorders. To date, clinical biomarker tests are not yet available for diagnosis or for the prediction of treatment prognosis. However, cytokines such as Interleukin-2, interfer-on-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and BDNF have shown significant results in previous studies of pediatric depressive disorder. These biomarkers have the potential to be used for diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and group screening for those at high risk.

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Section: The Cytokines In Neuroinflammationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Molecular Biomarkers for Pediatric Depressive Disorders: A Narrative Review

Lee¹,

Chi²,

Lee³

2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…They easily lose interest in everything as well as get anorexia1. Disturbances of circadian rhythms is also a cardinal feature [11], which involves in insomnia. A mild depression episode manifests as sadness, anhedonia and a feeling of worthlessness, whereas Major depressive disorder (MDD) is classified by a recurring intention to commit suicide [12].…”

Section: Depression Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

TPH2: A Key Gene Risk Factor and Potential Therapy Target in Depression

Zhang

Wang

2021

E3S Web Conf.

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Depression is a world-wide psychological disease and millions of people suffer from it. The illness is basically characterized by low mood with some other diverse manifestations. The mutation in the gene sequence of Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) is one of the several possible causes of the depression, which results in the changed structure and function of TPH2, and then affects the synthetic process of 5- hydroxtrytamine (5-HT), so-called serotonin. The low level of 5-HT contributes to depression eventually, which has been tested by the animal model. This review purports to discuss the emerging relevance between TPH2 and depression as well as signaling pathways mediated by the gene expression, after that some therapeutic methods will be mentioned. It’s an urgency to understand the pathogenesis of depression and find more effective therapies, but there still remains a large amount of efforts to make and many mysteries to explore, thereby it is still a long way to go.

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“…In previous studies of adult and pediatric depression, plasma levels of TNF-α levels showed mixed results. However, treatment with cytokines, including TNF-α, reportedly induces depressive symptoms [ 44 , 45 , 46 ]. Plasma levels of TNF-α did not differ significantly or were increased in patients with MDD versus controls [ 10 , 11 , 13 , 14 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Neuroimmune System and Pediatric Depressive Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Biomarkers for Pediatric Depressive Disorders: A Narrative Review

Lee

Chi

Lee

2021

IJMS

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Depressive disorder in childhood and adolescence is a highly prevalent mood disorder that tends to recur throughout life. Untreated mood disorders can adversely impact a patient’s quality of life and cause socioeconomic loss. Thus, an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment is crucial. However, until now, diagnoses and treatments were conducted according to clinical symptoms. Objective and biological validation is lacking. This may result in a poor outcome for patients with depressive disorder. Research has been conducted to identify the biomarkers that are related to depressive disorder. Cumulative evidence has revealed that certain immunologic biomarkers including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cytokines, gastrointestinal biomarkers, hormones, oxidative stress, and certain hypothalamus-pituitary axis biomarkers are associated with depressive disorder. This article reviews the biomarkers related to the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric depressive disorders. To date, clinical biomarker tests are not yet available for diagnosis or for the prediction of treatment prognosis. However, cytokines such as Interleukin-2, interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and BDNF have shown significant results in previous studies of pediatric depressive disorder. These biomarkers have the potential to be used for diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and group screening for those at high risk.

show abstract

Personalized Medicine Using Neuroimmunological Biomarkers in Depressive Disorders

Cited by 6 publications

References 101 publications

Molecular Biomarkers for Pediatric Depressive Disorders: A Narrative Review

Molecular Biomarkers for Pediatric Depressive Disorders: A Narrative Review

TPH2: A Key Gene Risk Factor and Potential Therapy Target in Depression

Molecular Biomarkers for Pediatric Depressive Disorders: A Narrative Review

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