“…Collating the existing literature, we have categorized personalized tourism recommendations into six types: (1) personalized attraction recommendations, which provide a rated list of attractions (Angskun & Angskun, 2018); (2) personalized travel route recommendations, which combine user behavior habits, interest preferences, and route popularity (Fan & Zhang, 2022); (3) comprehensive user-adapted travel planning recommendations, which integrate travel schedules, tourist attractions visited, local hotel selection, and travel budget calculation (Chiang & Huang, 2015); (4) personalized hotel recommendations, which combine user characteristics and their personalized preferences with public preferences (K. Chen, Wang, & Zhang, 2021); (5) personalized online booking recommendations, which integrate the identification of online opinion experts, construction of social networks, detection of user communities, and interaction of PTRs (Chang et al, 2022); and (6) personalized travel package recommendations, which produce dynamic suggestions for users based on geo-tagged photos, taking into consideration multidimensional data such as time, location, implicit ratings, tourist characteristics, and their sequential travel patterns (Kolahkaj et al, 2020).…”